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The Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution as a Political Campaign. Immediate causes Fall of Peng Dehuai Rise of Lin Biao Cult of Mao Self-sacrifice Need to be on guard against enemies Declaration of “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”, 1966

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The Cultural Revolution

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  1. The Cultural Revolution

  2. The Cultural Revolution as a Political Campaign • Immediate causes • Fall of Peng Dehuai • Rise of Lin Biao • Cult of Mao • Self-sacrifice • Need to be on guard against enemies • Declaration of “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”, 1966 • A campaign for the proletariat to take control of literature and art

  3. Our army is for the people, the people warmly love our army

  4. Lei Feng

  5. Hai Rui (1963 performance)

  6. Other objectives • Attack on people taking the “capitalist road” • Attack on traditional culture • Cult of Mao • Form student groups: Red Guards

  7. The Red Guards 1966-1967 • Attacks on • Those in power (teachers, officials) • What is old fashioned or “feudal” • Factional fighting • Rebel red guards vs. conservative red guards • i.e. those close to the state vs. those who feel excluded → purge of the Communist Party

  8. The aftermath • Army restored order • Impose committees to govern • The army, the masses, officials • Young people volunteer to go to countryside

  9. Longer Term Causes • Political • Factional struggles in the top elite spread through society • Socio-economic • People join certain Red Guard groups because of their position in society • Cultural • Violent language and categorisation • Impact of the Great Leap Famine

  10. The Aftermath • Many people feel betrayed • Loyal officials, intellectuals – the old guard • Younger generation – after fall of Lin Biao • Political struggle between Left and Right wings in the 1970s • Left: • Rural equality and self reliance • Opportunities given to those from poor backgrounds • Right: • Increasing links with the outside world • A bit more private enterprise might be allowed

  11. Dazhai

  12. To learn from Dazhai you must truly revolutionize the thought of leadership groups

  13. 1976 • Death of Zhou Enlai • Great popular mourning • Tangshan earthquake • Death of Mao Zedong • Succeeded by Hua Guofeng • Show trials of the Gang of Four

  14. Judgements and Verdicts • Was it a good or a bad thing? • Ten year disaster • Scar literature • Nostalgia for ideals • Who was responsible? • Gang of Four? • Mao Zedong? • We were kids and we were manipulated?

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