Unit 8: Mastering the U.S. History and Government Regents Day 2

1. Unit 8: Mastering the U.S. History and Government Regents Day 2 “With an open mind I can believe that anything is possible.”

2. Pages 13-16 of Packet UNIT 3: The U.S.’s childhood and adolescent years. 1789 – U.S. Constitution goes into effect: U.S. is born.

3. Lingering Issues/Questions Facing the New Nation • Slavery or no slavery? 2. How can we grow our economy? What role should the govt. play in the economy? 3 Who is a citizen? 4. Making sure the government runs smoothly. 5. What type of relationship should the U.S. have with other nations? (Foreign Policy = a govt's strategy/approach in dealing with other nations.)

4. Early Foreign Policy • George Washington - First President of the U.S. and Revolutionary War general. • Did not want to become entangled with European affairs. • Issued the Proclamation of Neutrality in order to isolate the U.S. from Europe.

5. Lingering Issues/Questions Facing the New Nation • Slavery or no slavery? 2. How can we grow our economy? What role should the govt. play in the economy? 3 Who is a citizen? 4. Making sure the government runs smoothly. 5. What type of relationship should the U.S. have with other nations? (Foreign Policy)

6. The heads (people in charge) of these departments made up the President’s Cabinet. In 1789, George Washington appointed (chose): Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox – Secretary of War

7. The New Nation was already in DEBT* during it first few years! *Remember they just fought a very expensive war with Great Britain!

8. Alexander Hamilton: “Don’t worry I have a PLAN!” • Hamilton’s Three-Part Plan: • Pay off debt • Proposed a • National Bank 3) Protective Tariff

9. Top of page 40 Disagreement between these two men led to the development political party system.

10. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency Other than writing the D of I and becoming the 3rd President, Thomas Jefferson is most remembered by the makers of the REGENTS Exam as the man responsible for the Louisiana Purchase. When I say Louisiana Purchase, you say…. What? People are allowed to change their minds! MISSISSIPPI RIVER! And THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS and WESTWARD EXPANISION and MANIFEST DESTINY and the CIVIL WAR!

11. Why is the Louisiana Purchase so Important?

12. It led to the first Industrial Revolution also called the MARKET REVOLUTION!!! YAY!!!

13. Top of page 16 Westward Expansion = Indian Removal and Slavery Debate Andrew Jackson (7th President) – During the election, Jackson used the spoils system to provide jobs to political party supporters. Jackson = Indian Removal during the Market Revolution. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) – Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native Americans who were being forced out of their homes, but Jackson did not enforce it.

14. What motivated people to move/migrate West? Manifest Destiny = the belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

15. What motivated people to move/migrate West? Gold Rush of 1849 – Resulted in an increase in westward migration. Led to the growth of the populations of California and the western territories.

16. Lingering Issues/Questions Facing the New Nation • Slavery or no slavery? 2. How can we grow our economy? What role should the govt. play in the economy? 3 Who is a citizen? 4. Making sure the government runs smoothly. 5. What type of relationship should the U.S. have with other nations? (Foreign Policy)

17. Bottom of page 16 Westward Expansion the potential expansion of SLAVERY!!!

18. Should the new territories (that will eventually become states following the rule established under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (the only good thing about the Articles of Confederation) be open or closed to slavery? Slavery or No Slavery?

19. First Attempt to solve this debate = Missouri Compromise of 1820 Maine becomes a free state Missouri becomes a slave state

20. Popular Sovereignty – The idea that settlers had the right to decide whether slavery would be legal in their new territory or not. Set up by the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854.

21. Westward expansion and the idea of manifest destiny was also used as an excuse to expand into land claims by other nations and led to the annexation of Texas (1845), and the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). ? Top of page 17

22. The United States won the Mexican-American War and as a result got a lot more land! The fancy term for the getting of more land after the war is called the Mexican Cession.

23. Two years later, California was ready to become a state. Should California be a free state or a slave state? Oh no! The imaginary line drawn as a result of the Missouri Comp. of 1820 cuts rights through the middle of California. Now what? Compromise time!

24. Compromise of 1850 • California = free state. • 2) New Mexico and Utah = popular sovereignty • (the people would pick whether the states would be free or slave) • 3) The slave trade - abolished in Washington D.C. • 4) The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave liable to pay a fine. • Liable = legally responsible

25. Temperance Movement Education Reform Seneca Falls Convention Reform (to change) Movements – 1820 – 1840s Utopian Communities Prison Reform

26. American Colonization Society (1816) William Lloyd Garrison (1830) Abolitionist Movement During the 1840s, abolitionists (people who wanted to make slavery illegal) employed a number of methods to enlist other people in their cause. Phyllis Wheatley David Walker’s Appeal (1829) Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Frederick Douglass

28. Bleeding Kansas – Phrase used to describe clashes between proslavery and antislavery groups in the Kansas Territory (John Brown was involved).

29. Dred Scott vs Sanford (1857) = Supreme Court decision which rules that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.

30. TO STUDY FOR THE REGENTS