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REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT

REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE. CONNECTIVE TISSUE/FASCICLES. AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST MUSCLES. Agonist-Antagonist Muscles. Upper Trapezius. Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major. Middle Trapezius. Serratus Anterior. Lower Trapezius.

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REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT

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  1. REC 3010 HUMAN MOVEMENT

  2. THE STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE

  3. CONNECTIVE TISSUE/FASCICLES

  4. AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST MUSCLES

  5. Agonist-Antagonist Muscles Upper Trapezius Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major Middle Trapezius Serratus Anterior Lower Trapezius The Upper Trapezius and the Lower Trapezius have an Agonist-Antagonist relationship

  6. Agonist-Antagonist Muscles Glenohumeral joint Greater Tubercle Lesser Tubercle Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor The Subscapularis and the Supraspinatus/Infraspinatus/Teres Minor have a Agonist Antagonist relationship

  7. The muscles of the Abdominals are opposite the Lower Back External Abdominal Oblique Internal Abdominal Oblique Pectoralis Major Rectus Abdominal Transverse Abdominis Tendinous Transcriptions The Transverse Abdominals are opposite each other Longissimus Spinalis Iliocostalis

  8. There are some interesting Agonist Antagonist relations between the Hip Extensors and the Hip Flexors Semimembranosus VastusLateralis Biceps Femorus Semitendonosus VastusMedialis VastusLateralis VastusIntermedialis

  9. AGONIST/ANTAGONIST STRENGTH RATIOS

  10. ACTIN & MYOSIN FILAMENTS (SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY)

  11. ACTIN & MYOSIN FILAMENTS

  12. SARCOMERE DIAGRAM

  13. MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGE IN ACTION

  14. MUSCLE CONTRACTION/RELAXATION

  15. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

  16. PRODUCING A MUSCLE ACTION

  17. ISOTONIC CONTRACTION *CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION -muscle acts as moving force -muscle shortens creating tension -motion is created *ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION -muscle acts as a resistive force -external force exceeds contractive force -muscle lengthens & motion is slowed ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION - -muscle tension is created with no movement -resistance comes from opposing muscle, gravity or an immoveable object -motion is prevented by equal opposing forces

  18. WHICH MUSCLES ACT AS 1ST & 2ND? • There are three lever classes. • The body operates primarily as a series of third-class levers, with only a few first- and second-class levers. • Force (F) acts between the axis (X) and the resistance (R)

  19. LEVERS OF THE BODY 1ST CLASS LEVER 2ND CLASS LEVER 3RD CLASS LEVER

  20. 1ST CLASS LEVER

  21. 2ND CLASS LEVER THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY PROVIDES THE REISISTANCE LOAD WHEN THE CALF CONTRACTS IT PROVIDES THE EFFORT FORCE THE FOOT ACTS AS THE RESISTANCE ARM THE BALL OF FOOT ACTS AS FULCRUM OR AXIS OF ROTATION

  22. 7 Principles of Biomechanics Principle #1: Stability The lower the center of mass the larger the base of support the closer the center of mass to the base of support & the greater the mass The more stability increases Example: Sumo Wrestler Principle #2: Maximum Effort The production of maximum force requires the use of all possible joint movements that contribute to the tasks objective Example: Bench Press or Golf

  23. Principle #3: Maximum Velocity The production of maximum velocity requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallest Example: Slap Shot or Golf Drive Principle #4: Linear Motion The greater the applied impulse the greater the increase in velocity Example: Slam Dunking in Basketball Principle #5: Linear Motion Movement usually occurs in the direction opposite of the applied force Example: High Jumper, Runners & Cyclists

  24. Principle #6: Angular Motion Angular motion is produced by the application of a force acting at some distance from the axis, that is, by torque The production of Angular Motion Example: Baseball Pitcher Principle #7: Angular Momentum Angular Momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air. Once an athlete is airborne, he or she will travel with a constant angular momentum. Example: Divers

  25. Anatomical, Directional, and Regional Terms

  26. Movement of the Skeleton • There are three main types of joints: • Fibrous joints • Cartilaginous joints • Synovial joints • Synovial joint movement occurs within the three planes of motion: sagittal, frontal, and transverse. • Movement occurs along the joint’s axis of rotation, where the plane of movement is generally perpendicular to the axis. • Uniplanar joints (hinge joints) allow movement in only one plane. • Biplanar joints allow movement in two planes that are perpendicular to each other. • Multiplanar joints allow movement in all three planes.

  27. Movement in the Sagittal Plane • The sagittal plane runs anterior-posterior, dividing the body into left and right sections. • Movements that involve rotation about a mediolateral axis occur in the sagittal plane. Examples include: • Flexion • Extension • Dorsiflexion • Plantarflexion

  28. Movement in the Frontal Plane • The frontal plane runs laterally, dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections. • Movements that involve rotation about an anteroposterior axis occur in the frontal plane. Examples include: • Abduction • Adduction • Elevation • Depression • Inversion • Eversion

  29. Movement in the Transverse Plane • The transverse plane runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior sections. • Movements that involve rotation about a longitudinal axis occur in the transverse plane. Examples include: • Rotation • Pronation • Supination • Horizontal flexion • Horizontal extension

  30. Movement of Synovial Joints

  31. Angular Movements *Flexion *Extension *Abduction *Adduction

  32. Circular Movements *Circumduction *Rotation

  33. Movements Special to the Shoulder *Protraction *Retraction *Elevation *Depression

  34. Movements Special to the Ankle *Inversion *Eversion *Dorsiflexion *Planterflexion

  35. Anatomical Position

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