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Unit 4 Imperialism Africa Chapter 28 India 765-772 Gandhi 907-915 China 741-751 Mao 859-862, 888-889, 897-898

Unit 4 Imperialism Africa Chapter 28 India 765-772 Gandhi 907-915 China 741-751 Mao 859-862, 888-889, 897-898. Cecil Rhodes connecting Africa “Imperialism is a glorious pursuit”. Imperialism.

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Unit 4 Imperialism Africa Chapter 28 India 765-772 Gandhi 907-915 China 741-751 Mao 859-862, 888-889, 897-898

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  1. Unit 4 ImperialismAfrica Chapter 28India 765-772Gandhi 907-915China 741-751Mao 859-862, 888-889, 897-898 Cecil Rhodes connecting Africa “Imperialism is a glorious pursuit”

  2. Imperialism • “The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people”

  3. Social Darwinism • –“Survival of the fittest” • Societies with more wealth, power and technology were superior to those without • Europeans had a right and a duty to spread their superiority

  4. Local officials used Limited self-rule Goal- develop future leaders Based on European style governments with local flavor Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Goal- Assimilation Based ONLY on European style governments Direct Control Indirect Control

  5. Five Motives of Imperialism • Economic • Political • Religious • Exploratory • Ideological

  6. Colonial “Owning” colonies British French Germany Multi-National Made of people of various region within the empire Austria-Hungary Ottoman Types of Empires

  7. Technology Modernization Health (medicines) Often united warring groups Few rights/liberties Loss of culture Subjugation/slavery Stronger doesn’t really care Positives Negatives

  8. Ireland 1845-1851 • A colony of Britain • Starvation caused by potato crop failure • Up to 25% of pop. died • (1 million+) • Continued to export food to England • England did nothing to help • Increased Irish Nationalism • Increased US Emigration Famine

  9. Women • Women also subjugated in various ways: • Japan - face painting • Europe – corsets • Chain – foot binding

  10. Motives assignment GGS #2

  11. Africa • Diamonds and gold • Rubber, Copper, Tin • Cocoa and Tea • Seen as untapped wealth by European nations • Berlin Conference 1884-1885 (no Africans) • Europeans claim areas

  12. Africa – Late 1880’s

  13. Treatment of “Subjects” • Paternalism – treating Africans like children to be coddled, or punished! • Assimilation – changed African culture by making it more European and therefore, the people more European

  14. African Conflicts • Many clashes btwn Europeans & Africans AND Europeans & themselves • Boer Wars – Dutch settlers fighting to claim gold • Zulu Wars – warriors led by Shaka, united tribes • European military technology too powerful

  15. African Conflicts • Suez canal 1869 • Shortest link btwn Europe and Asia • Built by French • Fought for by many Suez Canal

  16. Guns, Germs, and Steel • Jared Diamond • Theory of Imperialism • Why some countries were able to become powerful, while others remained weak

  17. GGS episode 3 or 4 Feathers?

  18. India • British economic claims date to 1600’s • The “Jewel of the Crown” • British policy prevented Indians form profiting - $ goes to England • British East India Company (BEIC)

  19. Goods • Tea • Indigo • Coffee • Cotton • Opium • Railroads moved goods from interior • 3rd largest in world

  20. Indian Districts • Split into many districts, governed by British Viceroys • BEIC is the real power • Indians worried about Christianity • Hindus and Muslims (Yugoslavia) Flag of the BEIC

  21. Sepoy Rebellion - 1857 • Sepoys – Indian soldiers working for the British • Refuse to fire guns bcz of religious purposes • Cow and pork fat in cartridges • Act of Revolution

  22. Indian National Congress Party British Empire in India Fought for Indian independence Young, educated Indians Young Turks Ottoman Empire in Middle East Fought for Turkish independence Young, educated Turks Independence Movements

  23. Loyal Subjects? • Britain tells India they will grant self-government after WWI • They don’t • A greater call for Indian independence • A leader is needed!

  24. Gandhi search Gandhi movie

  25. China • Into the 1800’s China is a self-sufficient empire and anti-European • Only trade was with Britain • Chinese tea for British silver • Eventually opium was imported to China from…

  26. Qing Dynasty Extraterritoriality Peasants still poor Sphere of Influence Rise of Nationalism IMPERIALIZED! Meiji Restoration Elite/wealthy sponsor reform Modernization Invaded Manchuria Russo-Japanese War Annexed Korea IMPERIALISTS! China Japan

  27. China & Opium • Influx of opium created social problems, British refuse to cut back • Opium War of 1839 – British easily defeat Chinese navy and take control of Hong Kong

  28. Opium addiction a serious problem • 27%! • Another problem was the population – 430 million by 1850 • Famine and starvation rampant • Corruption of gov’t leads to rebellion against Qing dynasty

  29. The Boxer Rebellion • “The Society of Harmonious Fists” • aka The Boxers • 1900 Boxers attack European section of Beijing – lasts for months • Multi-national forces defeat Boxers • Chinese realize they must reform

  30. ROW convinces China to institute a constitutional monarchy • Slow process and not very successful • European powers still in control • 1911 revolution Nationalists (Shek)

  31. A Change in Thinking • Nationalists control • Guomingdang • Peasants still peasants (F.R?) • Communists offer land and change • Civil War erupts, weakens gov’t protection, Japan invades

  32. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) • Chairman/Founder of Chinese Communist Party • 1949 Unified China for 1st time since Opium War • Ineffective economic policies • Fear and intimidation • Millions die • Symbol of Chinese Communism

  33. Mao search • Mao bio

  34. Mohandas Gandhi Mao ZedongLeadership Styles & Events "Power comes from the barrel of a gun." "You must be the change you wish to see.."

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