Mao and china

1. Mao and china Chapter 14, section 3 Collapse of Imperial Rule!

2. What was the role of foreigners in china circa 1900? • Controlled trade and economic resources • Extraterritorial rights • Economic imperialism and spheres of influence

3. What were the Chinese resolved to do as a result of foreign control? • Modernize • Appeal to nationalism (just like what country we studied??) • Revolt!! • Nationalists overthrow the dynasty

4. When the nationalists took control of china they declared “Three Principles of the People”. What does this mean? • The nationalist party or Kuomintang, called for: • Nationalism: end to foreign control • People’s rights: democracy • People’s livelihood: economic security

5. Why did the nationalists fail? • Sun Yixian lacked authority and military support to secure national unity • New ruler came in who became a military dictator • Betrayed the three principles of the people/ideals of the revolution • Led to civil wars

6. What was the chinese landscape like during WW1? • Peasants suffered • Armies terrorize countryside • Famines • Weak leadership

7. When WW1 ended with treaty of versailles, who gained control of territory in China? • Japan!

8. How did the Chinese respond to Japanese control? • Outrage! • 1914 student demonstrations • Spread to national movement: the May 4th Movement

9. What was the US/Su role in china? • The US didn’t support the nationalist movement because it was no longer democratic in ideals • SU sent aid, equipment, advisors 1923

10. Why did jinagjieshi come to power in 1925?Why didn’t he support the communists? • Sun Yixian died • Didn’t want socialist economy—his followers were bankers and business people

11. What did Jieshi end up doing to the communists? • Murder • Wiping out all communists • Survivors had to go in hiding

12. How did the US and SU respond to Jieshi’s National republic of china? • US-support (“democratic”) • SU-not supportive any longer • Why?

13. How did the peasants respond to Jieshi? • Mad! • Switched to communist party because Jieshi promises fell short, corrupt

14. What did Mao do to encourage peasants to join the communists? • Divided land among local farmers • How do you think the peasants responded? • Encouraged more supporters

15. How powerful did Mao think the peasants were? • Turn to page 403, purple box, and find out • Mao thought that the peasants couldn’t be stopped • “They will bury beneath them all forces of imperialism, militarism, corrupt officialdom, village bosses and evil gentry.”

16. During civil war between communists and nationalists in 1930, why did Mao and communists take the long march? • Look it up with a partner! • I’ll call people up to write responses • They felt defeated • Jiang army surrounded Maos army and they retreated 6000 miles • Jiangs army followed them for a year –John Tiers

17. Long march activity • Design a memorial paying tribute to the thousands of Chinese people who lost their lives during the Long March • OR tell us what it would look like (statue of what? What would the info say?) • Think about…the life of the peasants and what Mao must have meant to them

18. Exit ticket • Explain the plight of the peasants in China circa 1900-1930

19. Why did japan invade china in 1930 during the civil wars? • Took advantage of the power struggle that was going on in China • Remember, Japan had already become an imperial power

20. What happened to the civil war after japan invaded? • Civil war grounds to a halt • Temporarily united in order to fight the Japanese during WW2

21. 17-2 Communists Triumph in China

22. How did the close of ww2 effect china? • Nationalists and communists resumed their fight for control of the country(1946-1949) • By 1945, Mao’s Red Army had great control in North • Efforts to teach literacy and improve food productionpeasant loyalty to communists • Jiang’s Nationalist forces dominated southwestern China • US maintained support of Jiang through aidmoney typically went to corrupt officials

23. How did the civil war end? • Mao’s promises to the peasants paid off—large quantities of Nationalist soldiers turn to the Communists • In 1949 Mao proclaimed the People’s Republic of China • Nationailsts retreat to island of Taiwan • Fueled US anti-Communist feelings • Feelings escalated after Chinese and Soviets signed treaty of friendship in 1950

24. Why would the us care that china went communist?? • Viewed China’s transformation as another step in the Communist campaign to conquer the world • US aids the Nationalists on Taiwan • SU maintain support of Communist China

25. What did communist china do? • Expanded into Mongolia and Tibet • Wanted to restore China as a powerful nation • Mao redistributed land to peasants and forced peasants to join collective farms (consisting of 200-300 households) • His forces killed more than a million landlords who resisted this policy • Made women fully equal in the home and in workplace • Instituted state-sponsored child care • Nationalized China’s industries (brought them under gov. ownership) • Production soared

26. Creation of communes • Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” • Called for larger collective farms, or communes • By 1958, 26, 000 communes, each one sprawling over 15,000 acres and supporting over 25,000 people • Strict control of life • Ate together in dining halls, slept in communal dorms, raised children in communal nurseries • Owned nothing • Peasants had no incentive to work hard when only state profited from their labor • Many hated living in the huge, impersonal communes • Crop failures occurfamines, killing 20 million people • Government officially discontinued the program in 1961

27. Life in one of China’s last communes… • Read the BBC article independently or with a partner sitting next to you • Answer the following questions: • Why were communes created in China? • Why did they fail? Why were they disbanded? • What are some of the benefits of living on this commune in Nanjie? • Why are many outsiders envious of those living in Nanjie? • If you were an ousider of Nanjie, would you be envious? Why or why not?

28. Nanjie commune http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8278128.stm • Pay attention to this video of one of China’s last communes: • If you were a Chinese farmer, how would you feel about living on the Nanjie commune? • What are the benefits/drawbacks?

29. Due at end of class • Read page 485 (New Policies and Mao’s Response & The Cultural Revolution) • Why did the Red Guard’s call for the Cultural Revolution? • Why did it fail?

30. New Policies • China facing many problems (failure of communes, economic/agricultural disasters) • 1960s, SU stops sending aid to the Chinese • Role of government is reduced • New leaders allow farm families to live in their own homes as opposed to communes, collective farms • Elements of competition, capitalism

31. Mao’s response • Mao disapproved because these economic choices weakened the Communist goal of social equality • Mao launched new campaign in 1966 urging China’s young to make revolution • Students respond, leave the classroom, formed militias called the Red Gaurds

32. The cultural revolution • Major uprising led by the Red Guards • Goal: to establish a society of peasants/workers in which all were equal and cleanse China of anti-revolutionary forces • Peasants and workers were vital; life of the mind was a threat Red Guards shut down colleges and schools • Intellectuals exiled, forced labor, thousands jailed • Led to widespread chaos—closed down factories and threatened farm life—movement was so destructive, caused many Chinese to distrust party leadership • Mao dissolved the Red Guards

33. Mao’s legacy • Champion of the poor, united the peasants, brought hope • Encouraged industrialization • Mao was China and China was MaoBUT… • Policies stifled economic growth • No incentive for peasants on communes • Repressive government of intellectuals and education • Yet still regarded by many as a hero

34. 19-5 China Follows Its Own Path

35. Deng xiaoping • Emerged as China’s leader after death of Mao • Survivor of the Long March, one of the last “old revolutionaries” • Unlike Mao, he was willing to use capitalist ideas to help the economy of China • Called for Modernization: progress in agriculture, industry, defense and science/technology • Ended surviving communes and leased land to private farmers • Permitted small businesses to operate • Welcomes foreign investment • Profoundly affected Chinese life—people began buying more, youth culture reflects Western influence, gleaming hotels

36. Tiananmen square • Increasing numbers of Chinese students had studied the West and began to question China’s lack of political freedom • In 1989 students led an uprising at Tiananment square • Down with corruption! Down with dictatorship! Long live democracy! • Student protest wins popular support

37. Deng’s reaction • Instead of considering political reform, Deng declared martial law • Ordered 250,000 troops to storm T. Square • Sprayed gunfire into crowds, attacked protesters • Assault killed hundreds and wounded thousands • Attack on T. Square marked beginning of a massive gov campaign to stamp out all protest

38. Deng’s legacy • Booming economy transformed China • But what about T. Square/repression??