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Multivalent ions

Multivalent ions. A quick and easy guide to naming and writing them. What are multivalent ions?. Multivalent: multi (more than one) + valent (number of valence electrons) Basically , some metals can form more than one ion. Which ion they form depends on what chemical reaction takes place

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Multivalent ions

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  1. Multivalent ions A quick and easy guide to naming and writing them

  2. What are multivalent ions? • Multivalent: multi (more than one) + valent (number of valence electrons) • Basically, some metals can form more than one ion. Which ion they form depends on what chemical reaction takes place • This is possible because at the heavier, more massive atomic level, the energy shells are 3-dimensional, so you can have different number of valence electrons interacting with other atoms

  3. Find them on the pt • Look at the Periodic Table in your text book… notice the transition metals have two different ionic charges? • The transition metals do! • There are only a few multivalent ions you will see regularly… here are some examples: • Iron (Fe) 3+ or 2+ • Lead (Pb) 2+ or 4+ • Nickel (Ni) 2+ or 3+ • Copper (Cu) 2+ or1+ • Gold (Au) 3+ or 1+

  4. Distinguishing charges • When you are writing the name of an ionic compound, you will need to distinguish between which ion of that element you are using. Roman • Numerals are used when indicating an ion’s charge.

  5. Examples of multivalent charges Examples: • Fe 3+  iron (III) • Cu 1+  copper (I)

  6. Naming multivalent ions Example: Au3N • Figure out what the metal is (Au) • Look at the PT… what are the possible charges? (+1 or +3) • Figure out what the non-metal is (N-3) • Look at the formula… how many ions of each do you have? (3 Au and 1 N) • Figure out what charge you would have to use so that the totals would balance out (if you used Au+3 and had 3 of them, the total charge would be +9) (if you used Au+1 and had 3 of them, the total charge would be +3) (since there is only one N, and it has a -3 charge, you would need to use Au +1 to make the charges balance out) • Figure out which roman numeral to use for the charge (I) • Write the compound name (gold (I) nitride)

  7. Practice Naming Example: PdS2 • Identify the metal • Look on the PT to list it’s possible charges • Identify the non-metal and it’s charge • Notice how many ions of each you have • Figure out what charge needs to be used so that the positive and negative charges balance out • Determine which roman numeral to use for the metal charge • Write the compound name * Remember to still add the suffix “ide” to the non-metal

  8. Writing formulas Example: manganese (IV) sulfide • Figure out what these two ions are and write down their charges • Manganese (IV) = Mn+4 • S = S-2 • Determine how many of each ion you need to balance out the charges • Mn+4 = +4 • S-2 = - 2 You will need another ion of S to balance • Note the ratio of positive ions to negative ions • 1 Mn • 2 S • Write the formula, indicating the number of each ion in a subscript right after if • MnS2

  9. Practice writing the formula Example: colbalt (III) oxide • Figure out what the two ions are and write down their charges • Determine how many of each ion you need to balance out their charges • Note the ratio of positive ions to negative ions • Write out the formula, indicating the number of each ion in a subscript right after it

  10. Assignment #1 • The assignment is to be done individually. If you need help, please ask the peer tutor, TA or myself • This is due on Monday, and is for marks!! • Every day late is -1 mark • Total is out of…

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