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Ions

Ions. Remember…. Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. The number of protons equal the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. 6p + + 6n 0 = 12 (atomic mass of carbon). Ions. A charged entity.

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Ions

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  1. Ions

  2. Remember… • Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. • The number of protons equal the number of electrons in a neutral atom. • Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. • 6p+ + 6n0 = 12 (atomic mass of carbon)

  3. Ions • A charged entity. • This occurs if the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons. • This only occurs when an electron is added or removed from an atom. • The number of protons never change. • An atom will gain or lose electrons to become more stable.

  4. 11 protons 11 electrons 11 protons 10 electrons Na+ Na Cations • ion with a positive charge. • If a neutral atom loses one or more electron it becomes a cation.

  5. 17 protons 18 electrons 17 protons 17 electrons Cl- Cl Anions • ion with a negativecharge. • If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion.

  6. IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA N3- Li1+ Be2+ Li O2- F1- = 1 Angstrom Be C N O B F 0.88 0.77 0.70 0.66 0.64 1.71 1.40 1.36 1.52 1.11 0.60 0.31 Na Na1+ Mg2+ S2- Cl1- Al3+ Mg Al Si P S Cl 0.95 0.65 1.86 1.60 0.50 1.84 1.81 1.43 1.17 1.10 1.04 0.99 K Ca Se2- Br1- Ge As Se Br Ga Ga3+ K1+ Ca2+ 2.31 1.97 1.33 0.99 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.17 1.14 0.62 1.98 1.85 Rb Sr Te2- I1- In In3+ Sn Sb Te I Rb1+ Sr2+ 1.62 1.40 1.41 1.37 1.33 0.81 2.21 2.16 2.44 2.15 1.48 1.13 Cs Ba Pb Tl Tl3+ Cs1+ Bi Ba2+ 2.62 2.17 1.69 1.35 0.95 1.71 1.75 1.46 = 1 Angstrom Ionic Radii Atomic Radii IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

  7. A monatomic ioncontains only one atom Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3- A polyatomic ioncontains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3- 2.5

  8. H+ Li+ Be2+ Na+ Mg2+ K+ Ca2+ Rb+ Sr2+ Cs+ Ba2+ Oxidation State of Elements 18 Group 1 N OB L E G A S E S 1 1 13 15 17 2 14 16 N3- O2- F1- 2 2 Al3+ S2- Cl1- Transition metals 3 3 Zn2+ Se2- Br1- Period 4 4 Ag1+ Te2- I1- 5 5 6 6

  9. Some Polyatomic Ions 2.7

  10. PREDICTING ION CHARGES In general • metals (Mg) lose electrons ---> cations(Mg2+) • nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> anions (F-)

  11. Learning Check – Counting State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these ions. 39 K+16O -241Ca +2 19 8 20 #p+ ______ ______ _______ #no ______ ______ _______ #e- ______ ______ _______

  12. EXAMPLE How would you right the symbol for the sodium CATION? Na +1 How many outer electrons does sodium have before it loses one? It has 1…remember the group number!

  13. ionic compoundsconsist of a cation and an anion • the sum of the charges on the cation and anion in each formula unit must equal zero The ionic compound NaCl 2.6

  14. 1 x +2 = +2 1 x +2 = +2 2 x +3 = +6 1 x -2 = -2 3 x -2 = -6 2 x -1 = -2 Formula of Ionic Compounds Al2O3 Al3+ O2- CaBr2 Ca2+ Br- Na2CO3 Na+ CO32- 2.6

  15. 1. sodium chloride 2. calcium oxide 3. potassium hydroxide 4. magnesium sulphide 5. copper(II) carbonate 6. aluminium oxide

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