Age of Jackson

1. Age of Jackson

2. Election of 1824 Jackson vs Adams vs Crawford vs Clay

5. Election goes to the House Henry Clay not part of top three so is ineligible Henry Clay is Speaker of the House of Representatives John Quincy Adams is named president on Feb. 9, 1825

6. Election of 1824

7. Election of 1824 Adams names Clay his Sec. of State Goes down as the �Corrupt Bargain� Adams is hurt by unpopular policies

8. John Quincy Adams ambitious program for modernization that included roads, canals, a national university, an astronomical observatory The support for his proposals was limited, even from his own party He was sympathetic to Indian issues He is successful at building a number of canals

9. Protective Tariff--1828 Expands the protective tariff Part of the American System Henry Clay supports it John C. Calhoun opposes it Seems to hurt the South more than the North Becomes known as the Tariff of Abominations

10. Issues of 1828 Jackson attacked for: Marrying his wife Rachel before she was officially divorced His court martial and execution of deserters (Coffin Handbills) His massacre of Indians His habit of dueling

12. Issues of 1828 Attacks on Adams Public funds to buy gambling devices for the White House�a pool table and a chess set As minister to Russia, he was accused of turning over a servant girl to the tsar of Russia

13. Campaigning Many members of Congress supported Jackson and made it difficult for Adams to get any policies through Congress

14. Change in Campaign Style The new democratic organization kept in close correspondence, built a network of party newspapers, and created all sorts of spectacles, parades and identifying devices.� Symbols of "Old Hickory" were everywhere. Large hickory poles erected in town squares or smaller ones attached to signs, steeples, and fore and aft on steam boats. In New York there was a parade a mile long. Hickory brooms also stood for 'Hickory' sweeping out the filth of corruption.

15. Change in Campaign Style Jackson supporters played to the Northeastern manufacturing interests by passing high protective tariffs. Jackson favored tariffs for raising revenue, if kept within fairly modest bounds, as well as to protect industries vital to the country's defense. Jackson walked a thin line on this matter, saying he was for a "judicious tariff" and getting some ridicule for this.

16. Number of votes quadrupled over 1824 Took away property requirements for voting

19. Change in Politics Jackson followers become the Democratic Party Martin Van Buren from New York

20. Changes to the Political Process Caucuses Nominating Conventions Patronage Spoils System

21. Indian Removal Act--1830 Jackson lacks faith in either of two Indian policies Assimilation Extermination

22. Indian Removal Act Jackson passes Indian Removal Act as a way of getting Indians out of lands desired by white Americans

23. Black Hawk War

24. Black Hawk War The population of Illinois exploded following the War of 1812 exceeding 150,000 by 1830 In 1828 the Sauk signed a treaty which relinquished their control of land east of the Mississippi Nevertheless, Black Hawk returned to Illinois in 1829, 1830 and 1831 drawing the ire of the white settlers

25. Indian Issues Osceola led a group of Seminoles against the U.S. as they avoided being moved out of Florida Osceola died of malaria in 1838

26. Indian Issues Cherokee did not want to leave their homes in Georgia and challenged the U.S. governments ability to make them leave Worcester v. Georgia

27. Trail of Tears

28. Trail of Tears Five Civilized Tribes�Cherokee(1838), Chickasaw(1837), Choctaw(1831), Muscogee (Creek)(1834), and Seminole(1832) are moved to Oklahoma 1000 mile trip in horrible conditions 4000 of 15000 Cherokee died on the trip

29. Protective Tariff--1828 Under the American System, the protective tariff gradually increased The tariff seemed to help the industrial North at the expense of the South The South wanted the Tariff removed Jackson was in favor of maintaining the tariff

30. Jackson vs. Calhoun Calhoun�s wife refused to welcome Peggy Eaton to Washington society. Her husband was the Sec. of War. Her first husband had died while out to sea in the Mediterranean Calhoun was in favor of spending federal money on internal improvements while Jackson opposed this (Maysville Rd. Bill)

31. Jackson v. Calhoun Jackson favored the protective tariff as Calhoun opposed it Jackson found letters of Calhoun from 1818 which criticized Jackson�s actions in Florida Calhoun spoke out against the tariff in S.C.

32. John C. Calhoun�s (vice president) nullification theory In 1832 S.C. held a convention voting to oppose the tariff Jackson sent the military to Charleston, S.C. to enforce the collection of the tariff Force Bill Calhoun allows Robert Hayne of S.C. to debate the topic for him

33. Jefferson Day Dinner Robert Hayne began by toasting to "The Union of the States, and the Sovereignty of the States." Jackson rose, and in a booming voice added "Our federal Union: It must be preserved!"�� a clear challenge to Calhoun. Calhoun clarified his position by responding "The Union: Next to our Liberty, the most dear�

34. Tariff of Abominations Hayne v. Webster debate Speeches in the Senate where Hayne said the U.S. was a grouping of sovereign states while Webster referred to the US as one nation South Carolina Henry Clay�s compromise Gradual reduction of the tariff over the course of 10 years

35. Bank War Reelection issue for 1832 The Bank was not to be rechartered until well after the election of 1832 Henry Clay believed the bank was very popular and pushed the issue to turn people against Jackson Nicholas Biddle applied for recharter 4 years ahead of time

36. Election of 1832

37. King Andrew

38. 2nd National Bank Nicholas Biddle Philadelphia aristocrat Jackson portrays the bank as a �monster� Jackson vetoes the Bank Bill

39. Jackson�s pet banks�Jackson begins to withdraw federal money from the National Bank and places it in various state banks Biddle begins to dwindle the money supply to make people understand how important the bank is Panic of 1833

40. Panic of 1833 Biddle wanted to force Jackson to recharter the bank The Bank wanted all old loans repaid The Bank would not accept any no loans A bill to recharter failed in Congress in 1834 The Bank was doomed

41. Results of Bank War New York emerges as the financial capital of the U.S. Creation of the Whig Party

42. Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren is Jackson�s choice to succeed him Whigs run 4 sectional candidates Why? To throw the election to the House of Representatives Van Buren destroys Whigs hopes with majority in the electoral college

43. Election of 1836

44. Election of 1836

45. Depression of 1837 Brought on by the economic policies of Andrew Jackson Land boom�lands open up with Indian relocation act Many lands in the West are being overvalued Jackson�s refusal to recharter the 2nd National Bank leads to a weak banking system Jackson issues the Specie Circular because of the land boom

46. Specie Circular �Specie� means gold and silver Ends �soft money� purchases of land in the West All land purchases must be backed by gold and silver Paper money was being used by the gov�t to pay for railroad and canal building Moves gold and silver to the West as Eastern banks really needed it

48. Depression of 1837 Hurts the cotton economy as cotton was being devalued as America used cotton as collateral in loans The effects of the depression are felt throughout the world

49. Martin �Van Ruin� Van Buren takes the heat for the depression and is known as Martin �Van Ruin� Hurts the cotton economy as cotton was being devalued as America used cotton as collateral in loans The Depression dominates Van Buren�s term

50. Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren will run for reelection William Henry Harrison defeats Henry Clay to gain the nomination of the Whig Party John Tyler from Virginia is chosen as Harrison�s running mate Tyler had broken with the Democrats over the nullification crisis

51. Electioneering Tippecanoe and Tyler too Harrison portrayed as the �hard cider� candidate from the backwoods Pictured sitting on his �log cabin� porch Harrison avoided campaigning on any issues instead presenting himself as a war hero Let Van from his coolers of silver drink wineAnd lounge on his cushioned settee,Our man on a buckeye bench can recline,Content with hard cider is he.

52. Election of 1840

53. Inauguration March, 1841 Harrison gave the longest inaugural address in history It was a cold and blustery day and Harrison refused to wear a topcoat He caught a wicked cold and died a month later Tyler, a former Democrat, succeeds to the Presidency

54. John Tyler Tyler follows many Democratic policies when elected President The Whigs are angered at the turn of events Tyler maintains a strong state system

55. Legacy of Jackson Campaign style Electioneering Voter participation Access of the average Americans to the political system