1 / 14

Tuberculosis and HIV in Prisons

. . Tuberculosis and HIV in Prisons. Dr. David Zavala. Prevalence of HIV Infection among TB Patients from Selected Countries (Region de the Americas, 2001). NY 1997 26%. English-Speaking Caribbean (2000)* BAH 38% BEL 14% GUY 32.4% JAM 16% SUR 14% TRT 32%. HON 2001 8.0%.

ervin
Download Presentation

Tuberculosis and HIV in Prisons

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. . . Tuberculosis and HIV in Prisons Dr. David Zavala

  2. Prevalence of HIV Infection among TB Patients from Selected Countries (Region de the Americas, 2001) NY199726% English-Speaking Caribbean (2000)* BAH 38% BEL 14% GUY 32.4% JAM 16% SUR 14% TRT 32% HON 20018.0% DOR199717% MEX 1990-1994 3.1% GUT 20008.0% ELS 19962.8% NIC 1999 0.8% Rio de Janeiro-BRA 1995-1998 35.6% Source: Reports from the National TB Programs in the respective countries. * Caribbean Epidemiology Centre ARG19952.2% URU19970.7%

  3. Two Overlapping Epidemics • AIDS is interfering with the natural balance existing between BK and the host. • The impact of HIV infection on the epidemiological situation of TB depends on the following: • Prevalence of HIV infection and trends within the community. • Prevalence of TB infection and its trends, as well as the risk of infection. • Risks of those infected by both HIV and MDR tuberculosis to die from TB.

  4. Populations at High Risk for TB • TB infection is common with the following: • Close contact with persons with TB BK (+) • People coming from areas or countries where TB is common. • Low-income people with scant access to health services.

  5. High-Risk Populations • TB infection can rapidly progress to illness among the following groups: • HIV-positive persons. • Persons using IV drugs. • Persons recently infected with M. tuberculosis. • Persons with certain medical conditions.

  6. Influence of HIV on Tuberculosis • Endogenous re-activiation. • Progression of recent infections. • Exogenous re-infections.

  7. Influence of M. tuberculosis on PLWA • Increase of viral replication.

  8. Prison, Tuberculosis and HIV

  9. HIV Seroprevalence Observed among the Prison Population

  10. HIV Seroprevalence Observed among Patients with Active TB

  11. HIV in Prison • HIV exacerbates the already-high risk of TB among the prison population. • There is little available data: • Discrimination. • Lack of confidentiality. • Authorities who fail to recognize HIV infection. • It is estimated that HIV prevalence among the prison population is 75 times higher than among the general population.

  12. Risk Factors for HIV • Disproportionate number of prisoners come from environments with a high HIV prevalence. • Risk Behaviors • Use of IV drugs, sharing needles. • Tattoos. • Unsafe sexual practices. • Lack of official recognition of risk factors (which impedes IEC activities).

  13. Challenges • Consciousness-raising among prison officials to get them to recognize the existence of HIV/AIDS and TB and their interaction in correctional facilities. • Commitment to support activities to detect, diagnose, treat and control prisoner contacts. • IEC activities to avoid discrimination and stigmatization of prisoners with one of the two illnesses.

  14. Main Control Activities in Prisons • Assigning responsibility and authority for TB and HIV control activities. • Individually and jointly planning, implementing, and evaluating TB and HIV/AIDS control activities. • Coordinating with National TB and HIV/AIDS Programs for the necessary technical assistance, at both the national and local levels.

More Related