Compromises in the United States Constitution

1. What is a time in your life where you had to compromise with someone? Warm-up

2. Part I – The US Constitution Unit 3: The United States Constitution and Amendments

3. When? 1787 Where? Philadelphia Leader? George Washington How Conducted? Shhhh – Secretly Original Purpose? Revise the Articles of Confederation The Constitutional Convention

4. Compromise – A way of resolving disagreements by having both sides give a little and get a little. Constitution Compromises

5. Proposed by James Madison Bicameral = Two House Legislature Representation in both houses based on Population Opposed by Small Populated States The Virginia Plan

6. Proposed by William Patterson Unicameral = One House Legislature Representation equal for all states Opposed by Large Populated States The New Jersey Plan

7. The Great (Connecticut) Compromise • Proposed by Roger Sherman • Structure of Legislature is bicameral • Senate – representation based on equality (2 per state) • The H. of Reps – representation based on population

8. Representation What issue was the Great Compromise over?

9. Other Compromises

10. Issue – How to count enslaved people towards population? The Three-Fifths Compromise

11. Should not count for purpose of representation but should for taxation Free States

12. Should count for representation but not for taxation Slave States

13. 3/5ths Compromise • Every 5 slaves would count as 3 people for representation and taxation

14. Issue: How should the President of the United States be elected? The Electoral College

15. Side 1: By the People

16. Side 2: By members of Congress

17. Popular vote chooses delegates from each state to select the President and VP The Electoral College

18. Issue – How much control over commerce (trade) should the national government have? The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

19. Concerned that national government would tax exports and stop slave trade if given control over commerce. Southern States

20. Wanted national government to control trade in order to tax imports and felt slave trade should be stopped Northern States

21. National government can control trade but: Cannot tax exports Cannot touch slavery for 20 years Compromise

22. Nine How many states would need to approve of the new Constitution in order to ratify?

23. Warmup – Explain the significance of this cartoon as it relates to the Constitution.

24. Meeting of specially elected individuals in a state to vote on whether that state will accept the Constitution or not Ratifying Conventions

25. Supporters believed it was he only way the Constitution had a chance. Why Ratifying Conventions?

26. Who were the Federalists? • Those in favor of the Constitution • Included large landowners, judges, lawyers, and merchants

27. Who were the Anti-Federalists • Those against the Constitution • Included: Patrick Henry, George Mason, Richard Henry Lee

28. What were the Federalist Papers? • Articles published in newspapers supporting the Constitution

29. Who were the authors? • Alexander Hamilton • John Jay • James Madison

30. What did the Anti-Feds demand must be added? • A Bill of Rights

31. A Republican form of government What did the Anti-Feds want to ensure would continue under new Constitution?

32. 1788 When was the Constitution finally ratified?

33. What does the Preamble to the Constitution do? • Introduces the Constitution and states its goals

34. Goals of the Constitution • To form a more perfect union Define: • Form • Perfect • Union And rewrite the phrase

35. Goals of the Constitution • Establish Justice Define: • Establish • Justice And rewrite the phrase

36. Goals of the Constitution • Ensure Domestic Tranquility Define: • Ensure • Domestic • Tranquility And rewrite the phrase

37. Provide for the common defense • Provide for the common defense Define: • Provide • Common • Defense And rewrite the phrase

38. Goals of the Constitution • Promote the General Welfare Define: • Promote • General • Welfare And rewrite the phrase

39. Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity • Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity Define: • Secure • Blessings • Liberty • Posterity And rewrite the phrase

40. Article 1: The Legislative Branch Article 2: The Executive Branch Article 3: The Judicial Branch Article 4: Relations Among the States Article 5: The Amendment Process Article 6 The Supremacy of the National Government Article 7: The Ratification Process What do each of the Articles of the Constitution establish?

41. That the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the land. What does the Supremacy Clause of Article VI declare?

42. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof “Full faith and credit clause”

43. When one state or nation gives up a fugitive to another authority Extradite

44. The Amendment Process Proposal Vote of 2/3rds of both houses of Congress Ratify By 3/4ths of State legislatures Proposal By National Convention called by 2/3rds of State Legislatures Ratify By 3/4ths of state ratifying conventions

46. Interpretation

47. Gives Congress its IMPLIED powers – powers not specifically listed in the Constitution The Necessary and Proper Clause

48. A.K.A. “The Elastic Clause”

49. Court Decisions

50. Government holds all those powers not specifically denied to it by the Constitution Loose Interpretation