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Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Ralph Groschen. What’s Happening with E20? Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit January 31, 2008 Des Moines, Iowa Ralph Groschen, Senior Marketing Specialist MN Department of Agriculture. Minnesota Ethanol: Economic and Employment Impact. *Projected
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Minnesota Department of Agriculture Ralph Groschen What’s Happening with E20? • Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit • January 31, 2008 • Des Moines, Iowa • Ralph Groschen, Senior Marketing Specialist • MN Department of Agriculture
Minnesota Ethanol: Economic and Employment Impact *Projected Source: AMS, MDA
Minnesota Ethanol Production and Consumption (Million Gallons) *Estimated consumption based on Gov. Pawlenty’s proposed 20% blend ethanol by 2012. Source: AMS, MDA
Renewable Fuels in Minnesota • Governor Pawlenty takes Minnesota to the next level • Goal is to make Minnesota the “Saudi Arabia of renewable energy” • May 2005: Signs legislation to move to 20% ethanol content in state gasoline by 2013 • Boosts number of E-85 vehicles in state fleet • September 2005: Minnesota becomes first state to mandate use of 2 percent biodiesel
Minnesota’s E20 Program • MN now requires gasoline contain 10% ethanol • Under the new language 20% ethanol will be required on 8/30/2013 unlessby12/30/2010: • 1. 20% of MN gasoline is ethanol (E85?) -or- • 2. EPA does not approve a 211 (f)(4) waiver application to certify E20 as “gasoline”
Minnesota’s E20 Program • Two ways to replace 20% of MN’s gasoline: • 1. Replace another 10% of gas with E85 • -or- • 2. Implement E20 mandate by getting EPA waiver for E20
E85 Route to Solution • Estimated schedule of sales necessary to reach gasoline replacement goal: • 2004- 2.6 million gal. E85 sales • 2005- 6.2 million gal. E85 sales • 2006- 16 million gal. E85 sales* • 2007- 34 million gal. E85 sales* • 2008- 82 million gal. E85 sales* • 2009- 194 million gal. E85 sales* • 2010- 460 million gal. E85 sales* * Required to meet goal of displacing additional 10% gasoline
E85 Route to Solution 2006 300+ 18,200,000 Actual Source: MN Dept. Commerce July, ‘06
EPA Waiver Route to Solution • E20 will be considered a “new additive” and will have to be certified by EPA • Approval, will apply on a national level • EPA will seek guidance from vehicle manufacturers, (is E20 OK?)
EPA Waiver Route to Solution • State of Minnesota is working w/ RFA in an automotive focused research program to study fuel system materials compatibility, vehicle driveability performance and vehicle emissions.
EPA Waiver Route to Solution • The Plan • Do preliminary testing to identify any “show stoppers” for automotive applications • Use preliminary data to determine the next step in the process and how to fund any further work • Additional tests and fund raising efforts will be required if full EPA application is pursued
EPA Waiver Route to Solution • In order to certify E20 under 211(f)(4) EPA must receive documentation in five areas: • 1. Materials compatibility of fuel system components with E20. (Preliminary testing at MN. State Mankato, Dr. Bruce Jones) • 2. Drivability with E20. (Preliminary testing at U of M Engineering, Dr. David Kittleson) • 3. Exhaust and evaporative emissions with E20. (RFA & ATL Lab in Mesa, AZ) • 4. Health effects testing on E20 fuel. (EPA report pending on E10) • 5. Durability (high mileage) Testing.
Materials Compatibility • Minnesota State University, Mankato • Four part compatibility test program • 1. Metal materials • 2. Plastic materials • 3. Elastomeric “rubber” materials • 4. Fuel system components (fuel pumps)
METAL MATERIAL COMPATABILITY MSU, Mankato • 3 Fuel Blends • Gasoline (Fuel “C”) • E10 • E20 • Physical Changes • Corrosion • Mass Loss • Swelling • Strength • “Soaked” at 45o C for 2000 hours • Fuel Changed Weekly • Measurements Taken at 1-3-6 & 12 Week Increments
FUELS and TEST SAMPLES • Gasoline "base" fuel • 50% toluene and 50% iso-octane • E10 fuel • 45% toluene, 45% iso-octane, 10% aggressive ethanol • E20 fuel • 40% toluene, 40% iso-octane, 20% aggressive ethanol • Ethanol • synthetic ethanol 816.00gm, de-ionized water 8.103gm, sodium chloride .004gm, sulfuric acid .021gm, glacial acetic acid .061gm
Drivability Study • Test conducted by U of M Mechanical Engineering Dept. • University Motor Pool providing vehicle & driver access, service and controlled fuel dispensers • 40 pairs (80) vehicles are paired according to vehicle make, model, engine configuration and duty assignment • Each member of a vehicle pair is restricted to use of either E0 or E20 through the use of assigned “credit” cards for use at fleet headquarters. • Driver log sheets compiled
Drivability Study • Vehicle and engine types Include: • Passenger and light duty (up to 1 ton) trucks. • Ford, Chrysler, GM and Toyota • V10, V8, V6, L4 and hybrid power. • Includes rental pool vehicles and those assigned to U of M police, trade and professional employees.
Drivability Study Added feature to drivability study • 4 seasonal evaluations by trained raters on a 1 mile test track provided by the U of M. • 20 of the 80 test vehicles were so evaluated • Professional ratings occurred: • October 21, ‘06 between +34 to 36º F • January 20, ’07 between -6 º to+ 6 º F. • April 14, ’07 similar to October • July ’ 28 and 29 ’07 between 87 to 100 º F.
Fuel Quality Testing • Fuel deliveries made to the University Fleet center location for the Drivability Program are sampled by the U of M. • The Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Weights and Measures tests for: • -Volatility • -TVL20 • -T10, T50 and T90 • -Among other tests.
Emissions Testing • RFA has contracted for vehicle emissions testing at Nationally recognized “Automotive Testing Laboratories”. • Three Vehicles • 1. 1980's carbureted, closed loop vehicle • 2. Port fuel injected vehicle meeting Tier One Emission Standards • 3. Port fuel injected vehicle meeting Tier Two Emission Standards.
Emissions Testing • Test fuels will be “Emissions Certification Fuel” as (E0) and the same splash blended with fuel grade ethanol to make (E20) • The extensive and expensive emissions control systemdurability tests (multi-vehicle, 100,000 miles) will not be included in this stage of the program.
Health Effects Testing • Potentially the most expensive part of testing program • Currently awaiting US EPA report of the already completed E 10 Health Study • Certain results may be extrapolated to E 20 • Results were expected in December ’05 but peer review is on-going, results later in 2007?
In conclusion: • Test data will be used in any final application with the EPA. • Plans and funding for data required with full EPA application will be determined by the results of these tests. • The time and financial commitment required to prepare data suitable for a full application will be considerable.
In conclusion: • So far, no obvious show stoppers have been found in the test data from the three tests.
Thanks to: • MN Legislature, RFA, MN Corn Growers and Great Lakes Governors Council for funding preliminary studies so far. • Thanks to the U of M -Twin Cities, MSU Mankato, Department of Commerce, Pollution Control Agency, MNDOT and others for their assistance.