FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training

1. FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 2 Scenario-Based Training (SBT) Draft 1.0

2. Objectives • Upon completing this lesson: • You will understand the difference between maneuver-based and scenario-based training as well as the advantage of using SBT • You will be able to develop scenarios for training and evaluation • You will understand what a scenario is and what it is not

3. Overview • Understanding SBT • Guidance and Instruction in SBT • Steps in developing SBT • Scenario Development

4. Scenario-Based Training • SBT is a training system (teaching and learning method) that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address flight-evaluation in an operational environment.

5. Scenario vs. Maneuver-Based Training • Maneuver-based training teaches applicants tasks. • Scenario-based training teaches applicants to solve problems and complete tasks encountered before, during, and after the flight.

6. Example – Ground Reference • Ground reference maneuvers: • having the applicant fly “S” turns across a road or fly a rectangular pattern around a field. • Often evaluated by observing the applicant fly the traffic pattern. • The traffic pattern is in context (it is how the applicant will frequently use the ground reference skill).

7. Note • If the applicant is experiencing trouble flying a proper traffic pattern, the instructor can take the applicant to a practice area and do ground reference maneuvers. • Explain that the ground reference maneuvers are a technique for developing the necessary skills.

8. Can ground reference maneuvers be practiced within a scenario?

9. Practice Exercise

10. With a partner • Pick a common ground reference maneuver and set up the circumstances surrounding a flight that a applicant could practice the maneuver and develop the necessary flight skills. • For example the applicant wants to show a friend a stand of trees where they are going hunting that afternoon.

11. Is there more to scenarios? • For a basic scenario – no • In the example, the applicant is given a maneuver and a reason for doing it • For scenario-based training – yes • Additional steps are needed

12. Scenario Development • Scenarios are used in instruction and in evaluation • For SBT to be effective, it must have a purpose and consequences

13. The SBT Teaching Method • Uses a problem as the learning activity • Get the applicant to solve a problem or task • Have the applicant reflect: • on how the problem was solved (the problem solving process) • what additional knowledge is needed to solve the problem • other ways the problem could have been solved and possible solutions

14. SBT Teaching Method (cont.) • Uses a problem as the learning activity (cont.) • Have the applicant re-solve the problem • Have the applicant assess which solution was best (first or second) • Have the applicant discuss “best”

15. SBT Teaching Method (cont.) • SBT engages the applicant: • in the learning process, • produces better learning, and • provides opportunities to practice judgment/decision-making

16. Five steps in developing SBT • Determine the objectives and goals (desired outcomes) • Determine the content including: • theories, concepts, and issues • Develop the learning activities (problems) • Develop assessments • Adjust the objectives, desired outcomes, content, learning activities, and assessments as necessary to achieve goals

17. Every flight must have: • Purpose • Scenario destination(s) • Desired outcomes • Clearly stated pilot performance levels

18. Format of Lessons • Heading • Scenario • Lesson Objectives • Pre-Briefing • Completion Standards

19. Format of Lessons (cont.) • Desired Outcome Grading Sheet • Debriefing • Notes to the instructor

20. Practice Exercise

21. With a partner • Pick a flight lesson and develop a lesson plan.

22. In your lesson plan, when does the applicant practice judgment? • Pre-flight briefing? • During the flight? • Post-flight debriefing?

23. SBT Development Resources • Generic CFI course: • http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/training/generic/media/cfi.pdf • Course developers guide: • http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/training/flight_instructor/media/Volume1.pdf

24. How are training and evaluation scenarios different? • The evaluation scenario provides • the evaluator opportunities to observe the applicant make judgments and decisions • rather than learning opportunities for the applicant.

25. Evaluation Scenarios • The PTS requires the examiner to evaluate the applicant's ability to use good aeronautical decision making (ADM) procedures in mitigating risks.

26. Evaluation Scenarios (cont.) • The examiner shall develop a written plan of action that integrates “scenarios” that incorporate as many TASKs as possible: • to evaluate the applicant's ability to make safe aeronautical decisions • FAA-S-8081-4D, p. 12.

27. Why Scenarios? • Scenarios present decision-making opportunities in a real-world context. • It is a more effective approach way to evaluate ADM • The scenarios should be realistic and derived from real world experience • include common or critical malfunctions particular to the aircraft

28. Practice Exercise

29. With a partner • Pick an evaluation and develop a plan of action. • Consider the following: • Does your plan of action include “trigger” events that will require the applicant to make decisions. • If the applicant decides to divert, can the check ride be completed?

30. Evaluation Scenario Resources • Inspector’s Guide • http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/training/generic/media/inspector.pdf • Example Scenario begins on page 12.

31. Review • Understanding SBT • Guidance and Instruction in SBT • Steps in developing SBT • Scenario Development

32. Objectives • Upon completing this lesson: • You will understand the difference between maneuver-based and scenario-based training as well as the advantage of using SBT • You will be able to develop scenarios for training and evaluation

33. FAA Inspectors and FAAST Managers Training MODULE 2 Scenario-Based Training (SBT) The End Rev. 1.0