Additional Information about Verbs

1. Chapter Twenty-Eight Additional Information about Verbs College Writing Skills with Readings

2. Additional Information about Verbs Here are the three areas we’ll discuss in this section: • Verb Tense • Helping Verbs • Verbals

3. Verb Tense. . . . . . tells you the time of the action. Let’s start with the simple • present, • past, and • future.

4. Verb Tense • We can be a little more specific about time using these other tenses: • Perfect Tense (Add a form of the verb “have”) • Progressive Tense (Add a form of the verb “be”) • Perfect Progressive Tense (Add both the verbs “have” and “be.”)

5. Present • action in the present • I am laughing.

6. Past • Action in the past • I laughed yesterday.

7. Future • Action expected to happen in the future • I will laugh tomorrow.

8. Present Perfect • describes a present state of being based on past action • I have visited Paris several times.

9. Past perfect • past form of to have with the past participle form of the main verb • describes secluded events that have occurred before something else followed. The event that is closer to the present is given in simple past tense: • After we had visited our relatives in New York, we flew back to Toronto.

10. Future Perfect • something will occur before another action in the future. • [am/is/are + going to have + past participle] • You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. • I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

11. Present Progressive • used to describe events happening now • “to be” with a present participle . • I am reading this wiki article, and I am thinking about editing it.

12. Past Progressive • Past progressive is used for describing events that were in the process of occurring when a new event happened. The already occurring event is presented in past progressive, the new one in simple past. • to be and the verb’s present participle • He was going to the theater.

13. Future Progressive • action that will be taking place at some time in the future. • "will" plus "be," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending) • I will be running in next year’s Boston marathon.

14. Present Perfect Progressive • events or actions that have begun at some point in the past and continue through the present • I have been reading this article for some time now.

15. Past Perfect Progressive • event that has been going on until the present and may be continued in the future. • have/has + participle been and the verb’s present participial form: • We have been waiting.

16. Future Perfect Progressive • Actions that will be unfinished, but have reached a certain stage: • This time next month, I'll have been living here for three years.

17. Helping Verbs There are three verbs that can both stand alone and help other verbs: Be Have Do

18. Helping Verbs Used Alone Used as Helping Verbs I was busy. I was getting tired. Mary has the floor. Mary has stepped in it. He did a bad thing. He did love her. Be Have Do

19. Helping Verbs Let’s review for a minute: I was getting tired. Mary has stepped in it. Analysis: verb “be” used as helper = progressive, and past tense of verb “be” = past progressive. Analysis: verb “have” used as helper = perfect, and present tense of verb “have” = present perfect.

20. There are also nine helping verbs called that are always used together to help other verbs. Let’s look at a chart: Helping Verbs Modals

21. Helping Verbs Can I can hope, can’t I? Could I could eat more, I suppose. May Roger may be detained. Might You might regret that tattoo, Jerry. Shall I shall see if there’s another room, sir. Should John should get his head examined. Will William will want to wander around a bit. Would Glasses would help, I think. Must You must take your feet off that rug, Marty. Modals

22. Verbals Verbals Verbals are words formed from verbs. There are three kinds: • Infinitives • Participles • Gerunds

23. An is formed by adding the word “to” to the base form of the verb. Verbals Infinitive “to” + “steal” = “to steal” Example: Jesse James loved to steal money from bankers. What is the infinitive of the verb “steal”?

24. A is a verb form used as an adjective. The present participle ends in -ing. The past participle ends in -ed or is irregular. Verbals Participle Example: Looking over her tax returns, the weeping accountant tugged her bleached hair.

25. A is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun. Example: Bowling is not a sport because you can smoke while you’re doing it. Verbals Gerund Let’s make a gerund out of the verb “bowl.” “Bowl” + “ing” = “Bowling”