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From Goethe to Nietzsche

From Goethe to Nietzsche. German Literature of the long Nineteenth Century. The ‘Way into Modernity’. industrialization / technicalization secularization / rationalization emancipation and participation growing population / migrations Nationalization

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From Goethe to Nietzsche

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  1. From Goethe to Nietzsche German Literature of the long Nineteenth Century

  2. The ‘Way into Modernity’ • industrialization / technicalization • secularization/ rationalization • emancipation and participation • growing population / migrations • Nationalization • bourgeois (‘bürgerlich’) society emerges

  3. Industrialization / Technicalization • 1800: Net National Product per capita: 250 Mark • 1900: Net National Product per capita: ___ Mark • 1800: people employed in industry or pre-industrial businesses: 21% of population • 1900: people employed in industry or pre-industrial businesses: ___% of population

  4. Industrialization / Technicalization • 1800: Net National Product per capita: 250 Mark • 1900: Net National Product per capita: 593 Mark • 1800: people employed in industry or pre-industrial businesses: 21% of population • 1900: people employed in industry or pre-industrial businesses: 49% of population

  5. Secularization/ Rationalization • Rise of the Natural Sciences • Belief in ‘Progress’ • “disenchantment of the world” (Max Weber) • “apparatization” of life (Weber) • Bureaucratization & Institutionalization

  6. Emancipation & Participation • Criticism (‘Kritik’) as an instrument of emancipation • Doubting the religious tradition • Distribution of political power • More flexible economic relations (cf. ‘Stände’); increasing social mobility • New definition of the legal status of an individual

  7. Growing Population/ Migrations • 1800: population in millions: 23 • 1900: population in millions: __ • 1800: people per km2: 43 • 1900: people per km2: ___ • 1852: population of Berlin: 419.000 • 1910: population of Berlin: _______

  8. Growing Population/ Migrations • 1800: population in millions: 23 • 1900: population in millions: 56 • 1800: people per km2: 43 • 1900: people per km2: 102 • 1852: population of Berlin: 419.000 • 1910: population of Berlin: 2.312.365

  9. Nationalization • Establishment of the German ‘Reich’ (Bismarck) • Nationalism both as participatory and aggressive ideology • democratization • militarization, control of the body

  10. Bourgeois society emerges/ ‘Verbürgerlichung’ • erosion of feudal system / nobility looses political and economic power • ‘Bildungs-’ & ‘Besitzbürgertum’: bourgeoisie of education or wealth • New ‘elites’ because of new wealth? • Class conflicts

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