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Plant Diversity I

Plant Diversity I. Plant Kingdom is Monophyletic: one common ancestor. Primary Products: main metabolic pathways Amino acid synthesis Production of cellulose Products needed for growth and development. Secondary Products: products for survival but not central metabolic needs Protection

ethan-golden
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Plant Diversity I

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  1. Plant Diversity I

  2. Plant Kingdom is Monophyletic: one common ancestor • Primary Products: main metabolic pathways • Amino acid synthesis • Production of cellulose • Products needed for growth and development • Secondary Products: products for survival but not central • metabolic needs • Protection • Waxes of cuticle • Lignin; hardens cell walls of woody tissue • Sporopollenin: polymer resistant to harsh environments

  3. EmbryophytesKey adaptation for success on land Gametangia: organ of sterile cells protecting gametes egg is fertilized in female gametangia • Alternating • Generations • Gametophyte (1n) • Sporophyte (2n) Heteromorphic

  4. Plant Phylogeny Gametangia/sporopollenin Flowering Plants Seed Develops Vascular Tissues

  5. Classification Division = Phylum Charophytes: green algae closely related to plants • Homologies • Chloroplasts: chlorophyll b and beta-carotene match • Biochemical: cellulose, peroxisomes • Mitosis.Meiosis: similar in both. • Sperm ultrastructure: • Genetic Relationship: nuclear genes and ribosomal RNA

  6. Delayed Mitosis Charophytes : modern ones do not have alterations of generations. Most release gametes in water for fertilization to take place. Clues looked at in Coleochaete: Retains the eggs, after fertilization

  7. Bryophytes • First moved to land (gametangia development) • Male sperm = antheridium • Female egg = archegonium • Need water to reproduce • No vascular tissue to carry water • Lack Lignin fortified tissue for support • Gametophyte prominent generation • Division Bryophyta: mosses • Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts • Division Anthocerphyta: Hornworts

  8. Origin of Vascular Plants • Two Systems: • Subterranean Root System • Aerial Shoot System • Two Conducting Tissues • Xylem: tube shape cells carry water and mineral from roots • Phloem: living tissue w/ food conducting cells, distribute • sugars, a.a, organic nutrients.

  9. Seedless Vascular Plants • Sporophyte in dominant, larger, and more complex. • Homosporous: plant producing single type of spore • Heterosporous: produces two type of spores (water ferns only) • Megaspore: develop into female gametophytes bearing • archegonia • Microspores: develop into male gametophytes with • antheridia

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