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ITP 1325: Women, Peace

ITP 1325: Women, Peace. Honor killing Honor violence Shame, Virginity,Chastity. Birgitta Essén, MD, associate professor Senior Lecturer in International Maternal Health Care Department of Women’s and Children’s Health IMCH, Uppsala University. Abortion. STD. Maternal health. Adolescent

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ITP 1325: Women, Peace

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  1. ITP 1325: Women, Peace Honor killing Honor violence Shame, Virginity,Chastity Birgitta Essén, MD, associate professorSenior Lecturer in International Maternal Health CareDepartment of Women’s and Children’s HealthIMCH, Uppsala University

  2. Abortion STD Maternal health Adolescent SRHR HIV/AIDS Sexual & reproductive health & rights ”Reproductive Health” Cx cancer Maternal newborn health Child- lessness FP FP Violence against women

  3. Reproductive health -International focus/attention • Bucharest 1974 – UN Population Conf. • Mexico City 1984 – same focus: population • Cairo 1994 – International Conference on Population and Development (=>”RH”) • Beijing – UN Conference on Women • WHO strategy approved 2004 Safe Mootherhood • UN MDG 5 • WHO Continum of Care 2010

  4. Definitions Killing of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonor upon the family or community. Honor killings are directed mostly against women and girls, but also to men.

  5. Definitions Chastity refers to the sexual behavior of a man or woman acceptable to the moral standards and guidelines of a culture, civilization, or religion.

  6. The perceived dishonor The result of one behavior, or the suspicion of such behavior: • Different dress code • Prevent an arranged marriage • Desiring to marry by own choice • Engaging in heterosexual acts outside marriage • Engaging in homosexual acts

  7. Consequences for the individual • Premature death, suicide (Fischbach 1997, Douki 2003, Bekker 1996). • Psyciatric illness (Essén 2007) • Social isolation, threats of execution (Schlytter 2010) • Physical and sexual violence (Essén 2007)

  8. How common? 5,000 women and girls a year are killed by members of their own families. (A Human Rights and Health Priority". United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA,2007) Many women's groups in the Middle East and Southwest Asia suspect the victims are at least four times more.(id)

  9. How common? • 70 000 young people can not decide whom to marry • Immigr vs Swe: 20 & 3% women 13 & 2% men • 2700 youth not allowed having premarital sex due to family shame reasons • 1/4 & 1/8 lives in norms of chasticy • 7 & 3 % honor violence NCK report 2011

  10. Independent risk factors • Religious active parents (girls) • Ethnic background (boys) • Length of time in Sweden change boys’ norms of honor and chastity but not girls’ (Ghadimi 2007)

  11. Rumours and Myths

  12. ”Am I a virgin?” Not possible to see if vaginal intercourse

  13. To bleed or not to bleedthats the question Surgical intervention? Not evaluated Probably few side effects Non-surgical interventions? Pills Comercial alternatives

  14. Swedish approach- 3 diffent levels

  15. Different constructions of societies The Group vs the Individual Hjärpe 2005, Högdin 2006 ”Honor” counts as a social capital

  16. The collectivist society’s antithesis is the individualistic context, characterized by a high level of self-awareness, self-fulfilment and a stronger notion as to the single individual’s behaviour to be detached from the family’s repute (Bierbrauer 1994,Ball 2001).

  17. Tribe system “is a socio-political unity and generally territorial and also economic, based on descent and kinship” (van Bruinessen, cited in Begikhani 2005: 218).

  18. How to understand constructions of societies Intersectionality: sex, gender, social class, education, generation/age etc,

  19. Human Rights towards Gender Equality Circumcision of Boys vs Girls

  20. The Swedish laws? (2001:499) Has to be done by a skilled person Anesthesia has to be used Not agianst the will of the boy (1982:316) Forbidden any kind of non-medical injury in the external genitals independent the will of parents or the girl

  21. Different Reasons? ”We have to protect the boy from unskilled religious circumcizers” ”We have to protect the girl from barbaric tradidtion and culture”

  22. Comparable interventions? • Excision of forskin • Pricking-excision-infibualtion

  23. Health consequences Bleeding Pain Infection Urinary problem Longterm? Sexual consequences?

  24. Thanks for listening! Any questions? Give me a break…

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