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CHaMP Habitat Protocol

CHaMP Habitat Protocol. Overview by Mike Ward, Jeremy Moberg, Boyd Bouwes

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CHaMP Habitat Protocol

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  1. CHaMP Habitat Protocol Overview by Mike Ward, Jeremy Moberg, Boyd Bouwes Bouwes, N., J. Moberg, N. Weber, B. Bouwes, S. Bennett, C. Beasley, C.E. Jordan, P. Nelle, M. Polino, S. Rentmeester, B. Semmens, C. Volk, M.B. Ward, and J. White. 2011. Scientific protocol for salmonid habitat surveys within the Columbia Habitat Monitoring Program. Prepared by the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program and published by Terraqua, Inc., Wauconda, WA. 118 pages. Available at www.champinfo.org

  2. Genesis of CHaMP Habitat Protocol • Based on learning from other habitat monitoring programs: ISEMP, EMAP, PIBO, ODFW, AREMP • Methods are based on those previously developed by other programs or disciplines (e.g. total station surveys of channels are common among geomorphologists). • Some elements of methods have been tailored for CHaMP objectives of developing a process-based habitat assessment focused on channel-unit scale measurements that are more relevant to fish biology

  3. Survey Workflow and Site Layout • One site sampled per 3-person crew per day • Site length approx. 20 bankfull widths • Each site is classified, monumented, and georeferenced • Topographical Survey: Channel geomorphology suveyed with total station (2 crew) • Site and Channel Unit Attributes: Those that are relevant to fish, those that support CHaMP indicators/metrics

  4. Site Level Attributes Site map and human influences Site photo points Solar inputs Riparian structure and density Stream temperature Stream discharge Water chemistry Macroinvertebrate drift

  5. Site Map Site map is used to: 1. Document the presence of human influence by category 2. Identify and relocate survey benchmarks and the extent of the site 3. Map habitat units and major features

  6. Site photos Pictures are looking upstream, left bank, downstream and right bank Taken from the center of the bankfull channel at transects 1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 Photos of monuments and temp loggers Photo show general site change between years

  7. Solar Path Finder • Solar path finder photos are taken at 5 transects • Photos are oriented to the south to capture solar/thermal input to the stream • Photos are analyzed for thermal inputs for each month of the year

  8. Riparian Structure • Riparian plots are located on the left and right banks at 5 transects • Riparian structure and cover is estimated in a 10 by 10 meter riparian plot for the canopy, the understory, and the ground following procedures from Peck et al. 2001 10 m X 10m riparian plot

  9. Water/Air Temperature Water temperature logger is deployed at each site attached to a “charismatic mega boulder” Air temperature logger isdeployed at each site Now that is a “Charismatic Mega Boulder” if I ever saw one Data is retrieved annually

  10. Stream Discharge Discharge is measured immediately upstream of the site Measure stream depth at each interval and velocity measurements at .6 depth from the bottom 15 to 20 equally spaced intervals across the stream Measure depth and distance from bank Extend surveyors tape across channel

  11. Macro Invertebrate Drift & Water Chemistry Drift Chemistry • Drift samples are taken at riffle habitat upstream of the site • Drift net and replicate net deployed 3 hours • Samples are analyzed for dry weight • Conductivity • Phenolphthalein [P] alkalinity. • Total [T] alkalinity

  12. Channel Units Slow-water Pool Fast-water Turbulent Fast-water Nonturbulent Tier I Tier II Riffle Scour Pool Cascade Plunge Pool Rapid Dam Pool Falls/Step Beaver Pool

  13. Channel Unit Attributes • Fish cover • Ocular substrate composition • Pebble counts • Embeddedness estimates • LWD counts • Side channel presence

  14. Substrate Fish Cover • Ocular estimate of each channel unit percentage of substrate composition by size category • 210 pebble count representing fast-water habitat • Pebbles are selected and measured • The percentage particles are embedded by sand is visually estimated for pebbles ranging in size from 64 mm to 250 mm. • Subsurface fines are measured at two randomly selected riffles. A net is placed to collect fines as a shovel is used to dig 20 cm into the substrate at 3 randomly selected locations in two riffles. Seives are used to separate and weigh particles less than 2mm and between 2 mm and 6 mm. • Fish cover is visually estimated for each channel unit • Fish cover categories are: • LWD • Vegetation • Undercut banks • Artificial structures • Total fish cover

  15. Substrate, embeddedness, and subsurface fines • Ocular estimates of substrate categories for each channel unit • 210 pebble count representing site fast-water habitat • Pebbles are selected and measured • The percentage particles are embedded by sand is visually estimated for pebbles ranging in size from 64 mm to 250 mm. • Subsurface fines are measured at two randomly selected riffles. A net is placed to collect fines as a shovel is used to dig 20 cm into the substrate at 3 randomly selected locations in two riffles. Seives are used to separate and weigh particles less than 2mm and between 2 mm and 6 mm.

  16. LWD • LWD is tallied according to 9 class sizes that allow for good comparison to other protocols • LWD is tallied by channel unit • LWD not associated with a channel unit is counted at the site level • Jams consisting of 5 qualifying pieces are enumerated for the channel units and at the site level • LWD in jams are tallied as individual pieces • Method allows for broad cross-walking between protocols

  17. Side Channels Side channels between 16 and 49% of the flow will be mapped, channel units identified, and channel unit attributes will be collected Side channels with less than 16% of flow will be noted and estimates of width and length will be made. No channel unit data will be gathered.

  18. Topographic Survey • DEM and TIN development to provide informative, accurate and precise information about channel topography • Collection of (X,Y,Z) points relative to 2 known points • 500-1000 points/site • Points captured at grade breaks

  19. Total Station, Data Logger, Tribracht, Tripod

  20. Example of a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)

  21. Example of TIN created using the CHaMP protocol overlaid on an aerial photo taken from a drone. B) Creation of the planform and delineation of habitat units of the site.

  22. River Bathymetry Toolkit (RBT)

  23. River Bathymetry Toolkit Suite of GIS tools for processing high resolution DEMs of channels The goal is to characterize in-stream and floodplain geomorphology

  24. ArcGIS Toolbar

  25. Input Data DEM Bathymetry or bare earth

  26. Primary Functions Remove the overall valley trend - Detrending Generate banks and centerline

  27. Primary Functions Create cross sections Generate cross section metrics and graphs

  28. Primary Functions Longitudinal profile Export to HEC-RAS

  29. Detrending in the RBT Objective: Remove the overall valley trend Original DEM Detrended DEM Valley profile 1910 – 1924 m Detrended profile 99.1 – 100.2 m

  30. Detrending in the RBT Purpose: Provide a planar surface for analyzing in-stream characteristics High Low Original DEM High to low elevation 1910 m 1924 m 100 m Detrended Equal elevation at water surface (100 m) 100 m

  31. Detrending in the RBT Allows interactive flooding Depth mapping without flow modeling Pool Riffle Leading to habitat mapping

  32. Detrending Output Detrended grid Banks and centerline

  33. Bankfull Slider

  34. Cross Section Explorer

  35. Longitudinal Explorer

  36. New RBT Metrics for CHaMP • Channel Dimensions • Channel Unit Frequency • Residual Pool Volume • 2-D Flow Model • Froude Number • Velocity Heterogeneity • Channel Unit Complexity • Channel Score • DEM of Difference

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