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Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Alberto Garrido, Paula Novo, Roberto Rodríguez Casado, Consuelo Varela-Ortega , Ramón Llamas Water Observatory CEIGRAM , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

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Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

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  1. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Alberto Garrido, Paula Novo, Roberto Rodríguez Casado, ConsueloVarela-Ortega , Ramón LlamasWaterObservatoryCEIGRAM, UniversidadPolitécnica de Madrid

  2. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Implication 1: Footprint is larger and (perhaps more) harmful in the most arid and water-scarce regions

  3. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Cataluña Cataluña C-León C-León Aragón Aragón C. Valenciana C. Valenciana C-La Mancha C-La Mancha Extremadura Extremadura Murcia Murcia Andalucía Andalucía Scarcity value of blue virtual water ‘exports’ By Autonomous Community

  4. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) • Implication 1: Footprint is larger and more harmful in the most arid and water-scarce regions • Solutions: • Focus on groundwater resources • Search for technological solutions • Enforce environmental constraints • Search win-win solutions

  5. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Implication 2: A large water footprint can be reduced with virtual water trade (may or may not be globally beneficial)

  6. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

  7. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

  8. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

  9. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

  10. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) • Implication 2:A large water footprint can be reduced with virtual water trade (may or may not be globally beneficial) • Caveats: • Virtual water trade works if water is charged in all trading partners at its true scarcity value • In agriculture, green vs blue water is an essential differentiation • Beware of strict applications of footprints in less-developed exporting countries.

  11. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Implications 3: In semi-arid countries the most crucial and unstable internal footprint is the agricultural one In non semi-arid countries the largest footprint is the external one

  12. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain)

  13. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) Source: Hoekstra & Chapagain (2008)

  14. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) • Implication 3a: In semi-arid countries the most crucial and unstable internal footprint is the agricultural one • Focus: • Agricultural and trade policy fundamentally affects agricultural water footprint • Markets/allocation instruments are essential for efficient water use

  15. Water footprint: policy implications for arid and semi-arid countries (Spain) • Implication 3b: In non semi-arid countries the largest footprint is the external one • Focus: • Consumption and commercial issues • Global sustainability (“new cosmopolitanism” U. Beck)

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