Manifest Destiny and Sectionalism

1. American History I Unit 5 R. M. Tolles Manifest Destiny and Sectionalism

2. Brings in Tyler after Harrison dies. Pres. Tyler, suppost to be a puppet Presidentcy, however, when Harrison died, Tyler was a man without a party. Lame Duck President Jackson’s Successors • Election of 1836 - Martin Van Buren, hand picked by Jackson. He defeated three Whigs candidates • Panic of 1837 - severe depression, worst one up to this point • Van Buren - highly unpopular after. • Election of 1940 - “Tippicanoe and Tyler Too” v. “Martin Van Ruin”

3. Missouri Compromise • 1819 – Missouri applies for statehood – upset the balance of power in Congress • Maine in as a free state*, no slavery in Louisiana purchase north of Missouri (36th parallel, Missouri is admitted as a slave state)‏ • Slavery could expand into the Arkansas territory but not to the rest of Louisiana Purchase.* • Brokered by Henry Clay • Congress votes strictly along sectional lines

4. President Martin Van Buren Considered a poor politician. Van Buren lost his party’s nomination because he did not take a stand on annexation.*

5. Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 • New intellectual and religious movements. • Social reforms. • Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. • Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization. • Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. • Increase in American nationalism. • Further westward expansion.

6. Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

7. The Tallmadge Amendment • All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate.

8. The Compromise of 1820:A Fireball in the Night!

9. Manifest Destiny 1820-1860 • John Louis O’Sullivan created the name for the movement. • “The idea that GOD had given the continent to Americans, and wanted them to settle western lands”* • New technology in Farming, Immigrants, and improvements in transportation.

10. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

11. Trails Westward

12. Overland Immigration to the West • Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.

13. The Pony Express • Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. • Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. • Took 10 days. • Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

14. Aroostook “War,” 1839 • The only war ever declared by a state. • Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine. • Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials. • Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.” • General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.

15. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

16. President William H.Harrison President John Tyler

17. The Doomed Donner Party • Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! April, 1846 – April, 1847

18. The Doomed Donner Party CANNIBALISM ! ! Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen • Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! James Reed & Wife

19. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

20. Pres. James K. Polk from NC • Election of 1844, promised to serve only one term • 11th President • Committed to expansionism and Manifest Destiny • Supported annexation of Texas • Known for his campaign slogan: “54 40 or Fight”

21. Oregon and Utah Territories Oregon • Oregon Territory - shared by the US and G.B.* • Oregon Trail - main route for venturing west, help to populate the area with Americans • Led to the decision to fight for it - “54 40 or Fight”, if necessary. (Pres. Polk, NC). • British were willing to negotiate with Polk due to the already 10,000 Americans in the area - divided it up on the 48th parallel. Utah • Mormons – Brigham Young moved to Utah to escape persecution. 1847*

22. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight! • By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land. • The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

23. California Gold Rush • 1848 – John Sutter found gold on his land in California. • MASSIVE influx of people to California. • Boom Towns – overnight towns where gold was found • Ghost Towns – Boom Towns after Gold runs out • San Francisco – 1848 – 800 people – 1852 - 35,000 • 49ers - Gold Rush, funding for expansion • Will cause controversy when it tries to enter the United States • Gold will be a fundamental force in the location of the Transcontinental Railroad connecting California and the East

24. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

25. The Bear Flag Republic The Revolt  June 14, 1845 John C. Frémont

26. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 • Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border. • US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt. • US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000. • US would California at any price. John Slidell

27. Texas Independence (1836-1845)

28. Texas Declaration of Independence

29. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston(1793-1863) Steven Austin(1793-1836)

30. Remember the Alamo!

31. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

32. The Republic of Texas

33. The Battle of the Alamo

34. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

35. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

36. WAR!! (with Mexico)‏ • Texas wanted to be part of the US. The United States accepted Texas in 1845. (28th states)‏ • Huge dispute over whether to be one state or many states (slave states)‏ • Mexico also did not like this. Meant that United States was on their doorstep now, and Texas was much stronger since annexed • Not only was Mexico already angry, there was a dispute over the bottom part of Texas. • U.S. said it was Rio Grande, Mexico said it was Nueces River. • Polk also wanted New Mexico and California. Tried to buy it for $30 Million. Santa Anna refused to even see the offer

37. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

38. Battle of Buena Vista (1847) General Winfield Scott

39. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

40. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

41. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 • Treaty was forced on Mexico • Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. • Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. • U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

42. Results of the Mexican War? • The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease). • New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)‏ • These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. • Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President. • Manifest Destiny partially realized.

43. The Mexican Cession

44. Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men! • “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats. • Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties. • Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!

45. The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

46. Territorial Growth to 1853

47. Expansionist Young America in the 1850s America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America

48. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)

49. More Glorious American Land • Gadsden Purchase – Mexico “chose” to sell the US Arizona for $10 Million • We also acquired Oregon • US tried to pass the Wilmot Proviso – said no slavery in those territories – would go against the Missouri Compromise – never passed • Relations between North and South becoming weaker • An uprising by settlers in northern California resulted in victory for the settlers, who declared the region an independent republic.* • California ended its Bear Republic, when the Untied States occupied San Francisco and San Diego.*

50. More Glorious American Land • Gadsden Purchase – Mexico “chose” to sell the US Arizona for $10 Million • We also acquired Oregon • US tried to pass the Wilmot Proviso – said no slavery in those territories – would go against the Missouri Compromise – never passed • Relations between North and South becoming weaker • An uprising by settlers in northern California resulted in victory for the settlers, who declared the region an independent republic.* • California ended its Bear Republic, when the Untied States occupied San Francisco and San Diego.*