The Culture of the Early Filipinos

1. The Culture of the Early Filipinos CIVICS Lesson 2

2. Community and Home • Population • Composed of 50 to 20,000 people • Where do they live? • Near bodies of water like bays, lakes, rivers and seas • Others live in the plains and forest • Others did not stay in one place, they travelled from one place to another in order to find food. they are called nomads.

3. Livelihood • Their means of livelihood is kaingin. • Kainginis burning the trees and plants in a particular place in order to clean the area. Afterwhich, they would till the land and plant crops. • Clothing and Accessories • What women wear? • long dresses • long skirts • What men wear? • shirts without collar • pants • headwear called putong

4. Footwear: • only the rich wear footwear • Other accessories • gold in their teeth • tattoos on their faces, bodies and arms to symbolize bravery, honor and beauty • Education • What was the native alphabet? • alibata • What fathers taught to this sons? • means of livelihood

5. What mothers taught to her daughters? • household chores • What parents prepare their children? • to become good husbands and wives

6. Literature, Arts and Science • songs • were always present in celebrations • examples: • diyuna - song for celebration • uyayi or hele - lullaby • talindaw - when going boating • ihiman - wedding • tigpasin - rowing • tagulalay or umbay - songs for the dead • kumintang - battle song • dipayunin and hilaraw - street song

7. literature • sayings (kasabihan) • were created based on experiences of the old • proverbs (salawikain) • were created based on experiences of the old • riddles (bugtong) • were thought-provoking statements about certain things and whoever is asked is expected to give an answer • legends (alamat) • were stories about the origin of certain objects, places and the like

8. play (dula) • revolved around bravery, war and love • epics • are long stories written in poetic form about the outstanding achievements of local heroes • talks about heroism and bravery • examples: • hudhud and alim - ifugao • biag ni lam-ang - ilocanos • ibalon- bicolano • bantugan - maranaw • indorapatra and sulayman -maguindanao

9. Arts • painting, carpentry works and sculpture • They put designs on their furniture and armors • The art is called okir-a datu or okir • The foremost design of okir is the sarimanok • Sarimanokis a symbol that represents the muslim(maharlikas and common people) • body tattoos and wearing accessories are among the oldest form of art • Science • astrology and irrigation • engineering (banaue rice terraces) • mummification (preservation of the dead)

10. Music and Dance • Instruments • kudyapi - old philippine guitar • gangsa and alapangkawayan - bamboo harp • byolingkawayan - bamboo violin with abaka strings • kalintang, bansik and kaleleng • Dances • balitaw • kumintang • dandansoy • subli • itik-itik • maglalatik • tinikling • singkil

11. Filipino Family • The most important unit in the early Philippine society • Composed of father, mother and children • The father was the head, provider and protector • The mother had the responsibility of guiding and caring for the family

12. Marriage • Paninilbihanwas a part of the process of courtship • the man would chop woods • provide water • fix fences • Dowry (bigay-kaya) • was given by the man to the woman • meant to be used for the couple in starting a family • example: • land • jewellery • money

13. Mourning and Burial Ceremonies • Placing the bones of the dead inside an urn or gusi • the lid of the urn signified the dead's status in life or his/her gender • Buriedthe dead in caves or in the forest • their favorite things, jewelryor clothes were buried together with the dead • if a datu passed away, his slave would be buried with him • Colors • white - mourning color • larao - used for datu • morotal - used for woman • maglahi - ordinary man