Architectural Graphics - II

1. Kurdistan Region-Iraq Tishk International University Faculty of Engineering Architecture Engineering Department Architectural Graphics - II 1 Shade and Shadows By: Nizar Najim Assistant Lecturer

2. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.1. Definitions: Shade and Shadows refer to the technique of determining areas in shade and casting shadows on surfaces by means of projection drawing The light source for architectural shade and shadows is assumed to be the sun. The sun angle is the direction of the sun’s rays, measured in terms of either Bearing or Azimuth and Altitude Bearing is a horizontal angular direction expressed in degrees east or west of a standard North or South direction Azimuth is a horizontal angular distance, measured clockwise, of a bearing from due north Altitude is a the angular elevation of the sun above the horizon.

3. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.1. Definitions: Shade refers to the dark area on parts of a solid that are turned away from a light source. Shadows are the dark figures cast upon a surface by a part of a body intercepting the rays from a theoretical light source. A Shade line or casting edge separates an illuminated surface from one in shade. A Shadow line is the shadow cast by a shade line on a receiving. A Shadow plane is a plane of light rays that passes through. Every part of an object in light must cast a shadow. A shadow can never be cast on a surface in shade, nor can it exist within another shadow

4. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

5. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings: The process of determining the shape of a cast shadow begins with drawing a 45° light ray through a point along the casting edge in both views. The edge view of the receiving surface, the ray is extended until it intersects the receiving surface. We project this intersection to the related view. The intersection of this transferred line with the ray in the adjacent view marks the shadow of the point.

6. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

7. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

8. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings: The shadow of a plane figure on a parallel plane is identical in size and shape to the figure. The shadow cast by a solid is bound by the shadows of the shade lines of the object. It is usually best to begin by determining the shadows of significant points in the form, such as the end points of straight lines and the tangent points of curves. Shadows of parallel lines are parallel when they fall on the same plane or on parallel planes The orthographic projection of a straight line perpendicular to the plane of projection is a point. The shadow of the line will appear to be straight regardless of the shape of the surface receiving the shadow.

9. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

10. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

11. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Shade and Shadows 1.2. Shade and Shadows of Multiview Drawings:

12. Architectural Graphics-II: 1. Multiview Drawings 1.2. References: 1. Ching, Francis D.K., Architectural Graphics, Sixth Edition, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2015 2. Jefferis, Alan, Architectural Drafting and Design, Sixth Edition, Delmar Cengage Learning, 2011 3. WALLACH, PAUL ROSS, fundamentals of Modern Drafting, Second Edition, Delmar Cengage Learning, USA, 2014 4. Internet