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CELL STRUCTURE and FUNCTION

Discover the little organs that make up cells, like the nucleus, ribosomes, ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell membrane. Learn how each part contributes to the overall function of a cell.

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CELL STRUCTURE and FUNCTION

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE and FUNCTION

  2. Cell Organelles • Little organs • Parts that make up the cell • Analogy– Like the organs that make up the human body – (heart, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, blood, etc)

  3. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  4. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Nucleus • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA • 2. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus • Function: Makes ribosomes

  5. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  6. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Ribosomes • Function: makes proteins • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

  7. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Nickname: “Roads” • Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

  8. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

  9. 2 Types Of ER • Rough ER: • Rough appearance because it has ribosomes • Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes • Smooth ER: • NO ribosomes • Function: makes fats or lipids

  10. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

  11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Golgi Complex • Nickname: The shippers • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes

  12. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section:

  13. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than (ribosomes) • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

  14. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

  15. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Mitochondria • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

  16. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

  17. 8. Cell membrane • Function- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell - also provides support and protection • Location- outside covering of the cell • “semi permeable”- only certain things can move in or out of the membrane

  18. 9. Cytoskeleton • Function- acts as the muscles and bones of the cells • - support and shape 2 types • 1. microfilaments – aid in movement • 2. microtubules- aid in structure

  19. 10. Centrioles • Only found in animal cells • Function- pulls chromosomes apart during cell division—mitosis • Location- near nucleus (2 of them)

  20. mitosis

  21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 11. Vacuoles • Function: stores water and nutrients for cells • Plants have larger vacuoles

  22. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT CELLS!!

  23. Organelles found only in plants 12. Chloroplasts • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Photosynthesis take place here • Green in color because of chlorophyll

  24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 13 Cell Wall • Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane • Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

  25. Chloroplasts

  26. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  27. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  28. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

  29. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Smooth ER Vacuole Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

  30. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal

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