1 / 11

Indo-Europeans Migrate

Indo-Europeans Migrate. The Indo-Europeans were a group of semi-nomadic people who came from the steppes-dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus Primarily pastoral, rode 2 wheeled chariots, lived in tribes and spoke forms of a language we call Indo-European

euclid
Download Presentation

Indo-Europeans Migrate

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Indo-Europeans Migrate • The Indo-Europeans were a group of semi-nomadic people who came from the steppes-dry grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus • Primarily pastoral, rode 2 wheeled chariots, lived in tribes and spoke forms of a language we call Indo-European • Left to escape invaders or get more food • Migrated outward between 1700 and 1200 B.C. • Hittites in Asia Minor (Anatolia) • Aryans in India • Minoans in the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean) • Phoenicians on Mediterranean coastlines (mainly Lebanon)

  2. Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism • Thesis: • Answer question (no topics) 10pts _____ • Fact/Opinion (1st sent.) 10pts _____ • Significance (3rd sentience) 10pts _____ • 1st topic sentence 10pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • 2nd topic sentence 10pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • 3rd topic sentence 10 pts _____ • Supporting factual information 10pts _____ • Conclusion 10pts _____

  3. The Qin Dynasty • Emerged in western state of Qin and replaced the Zhou dynasty • Used legalist ideas to unify country • After ruling for 20 years, ruler changed his name to Shi Huangdi, which means “first emperor” • Attacked invaders and doubled the size of the empire • Made nobles move to the capital city so he could watch them • Sent his officials to control the captured lands • Had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered, and “useless” books burned • Shi Huangdi established an autocracy- a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner

  4. Program of Centralization • Built highway network, forced peasants to work • Had uniform standards for Chinese writing, law, currency, and weights and measures • Farming increased, trade increased, and merchant class was born • Harsh taxes and repression made Qin regime unpopular • Zhou dynasty had erected smaller walls to discourage attacks from the north • Thousands of peasants were told they must work on the wall or die • Many peasants died anyway completing the 1,400 mile Great Wall of China • After Shi Huangdi’s death empire was overrun by peasants from the land of Han

  5. The Han Restore Unity in China • After Shi Huandi’s death, peasants upset over years of high taxes, harsh labor quotas and a harsh penal system raised armies and fought over territory • After the civil war Liu Bang became the first emperor of the Han Dynasty • He created a centralized government through hundreds of local officials • Lowered taxes and softened harsh punishments • When he died his son became ruler in name, but Lu, his mother and Liu’s wife, was the real ruler • Ruled China for 400 years, many Chinese today refer to themselves as “people of the Han”

  6. Han Rulers • Lu outlived her son and ruled through other children • Died in 180 B.C., her family members were executed • Occurred often in Han Dynasty, wives competed fiercely for emperor’s attention • Wudi, Liu Bang’s grandson reigned till 87 B.C. expanded the empire through war with nomadic raiders to the north and west • Colonized northeast (Manchuria and Korea), and areas in present day Vietnam • Considered emperor semi divine and accepted exercise of his power • Good emperor= peace and prosperity • Bad emperor= floods, earthquakes and famines

  7. A Highly Structured Government • Emperor relied on a complex bureaucracy which was expensive • Filled army ranks and expanded the Great Wall • Wudi’s government included civil service jobs- jobs that civilians obtained by taking examinations • Tested applicants knowledge of Confucianism • Schools were set up to teach Confucian beliefs • Few peasants could afford the education • System worked until 1912 • Paper was invented in 105 A.D., helped spread education and spread bureaucracy • Other inventions: collar harness, perfected the plow, wheelbarrow, began to use watermills to grind grain

  8. Commerce and Culture • Population swelled to 60 million • Government ran huge silk mills, valuable trading item • Creation of silk became a closely guarded secret • Traded along the Silk Roads- through Asia, India, and even Rome • Gold and turquoise bracelets were carried from Persia • Carried silk and spices to Rome on camel caravans • Women were supposed to obey their family in childhood and husbands in marriage • Could become Buddhist and Daoist nuns and get an education

  9. Rebellion and Restoration • A family’s land was divided equally among all of the father’s male heirs • Small farmers often had to burrow money from large landowners. If they did not pay back the money, they lost possession of their land • Large landowners were not required to pay taxes. This meant the government had to impose higher taxes on the poor. • Gap between the rich and the poor increased • By 220 A.D. the Han Dynasty had disintegrated into three rival kingdoms

More Related