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Origins of the Indo-Europeans

Origins of the Indo-Europeans. Ancient Greece Spring 2011. Discover of the Indo-European Language Family. Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm (1786-1859) Grimm German Grammar (1819) History of the German Language (1848) German Dictionary (1854) Rasmus Rask (1787-1832)

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Origins of the Indo-Europeans

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  1. Origins of the Indo-Europeans Ancient Greece Spring 2011

  2. Discover of the Indo-European Language Family • Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm (1786-1859) Grimm • German Grammar (1819) • History of the German Language (1848) • German Dictionary (1854) • Rasmus Rask (1787-1832) • Comparisons between German, Slavonic, Persian and Indian languages • Rask’s -- Grimm’s Law • Franz Bopp (1791-1867) • Comparative Grammar (1833/52) • August Schleicher (1821-1868) • First Divisions of the Indo-European Peoples (1853) • Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages (1861/62)

  3. Comparative Vocabulary EnglishGerman Greek Latin Irish French Russian Bengali One eins hen unusaon un odinek Two zwei duo duo do deuxdvadvi Three dreitreistres tri trois tri tri four viertettaresquattuorceathairquatrechetyre car Five funfpentequinquecuigcinqpyatpac six sechs hex sex se six sheshtchay Seven siebenheptaseptemseachtseptsem sat Eight achtoktooctoochthuitvosem at Nine neunenneanovemnaoineufdevyat nay ten zehndekadecemdeichdixdesyat das

  4. Rask’s- Grimm’s Law bh> b > p > f dh > d > t > th gh > g > k > x(ch, h) ghw > gw > kw > x(ch,h)w Bhratr > brother > bratr> frater Pada > pous > pes/pedis > fuss > foot Gelandros > gelumas > gelu > kalt > cold Quos- > quos > que > cso > hvat > what

  5. Indo-European Language Familyaccording to August Schleicher (1861) Italic Italo-Celtic Celtic Germanic Slavic Germano- Balto-Slavic Proto- Indo-European Baltic Aryan Indo-Aryan Indic

  6. Problems • Time and Place – “homeland” and divisions • Relationship to other language families • Uralic, Altaic, Kartvelian, Semitic (Afro-Asiatic) • Hittite Problem • Tocharian Problem • Relation of Greek to other Languages • Mechanics of dissemination • Was there an Urspracheat all?

  7. Indo-European Language Family according to Francesco Adranos (1982) Phase I Archaic Proto Indo-European Anatolian Phase II Western PIE Tocharian Southern PIE PhaseIII Germano-Balto-Slavic Indo-Aryan Celtic Italic Greek and Armenian Indo-Aryan

  8. Uralic (Finno-Ugric) Gimbutas Kartvelian Gamkrelidze Ivanov Greek Hittite Renfrew Mitanni (Indo –Aryan) Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)

  9. Forest Foragers Steppe Spread of Agriculture 6500-5500 BC

  10. Foragers Sredny Stog “Old Europe” The Growth of Old Europe and the Steppe Cultures 5500-3800 BC

  11. Yamnaya Horizon Tripolye “Old Europe” Old Europe and the Steppe Cultures 3600-3000 BC

  12. Climate Change and the End of Old Europe

  13. Yamnaya Horizon Tripolye Ustavo Culture Hittite Luwian The Coming of the Indo-Europeans 3000-2500 BC

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