The Industrial Revolution started in _________ around the late 18 th century.

1. The Industrial Revolution started in _________ around the late 18th century. ENGLAND

2. ENGLAND was the ONLY industrialized nation in the world for a while which made them very wealthy. They did not want other countries to learn the secrets to building factories so they would not let those who built factories leave the country.

3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution • Improvements in farming or the Agricultural • Revolution which led to less of a need for • farmers. • A rise in the population which supplied a lot of labor. • Enclosure which made farmers lose their land and jobs. • Abundance of natural resources such as coal • Capital to invest in building factories • Greater need for goods to keep up with the growing population • New inventions and technology • Strong governments encouraged industrial growth

4. Before the Industrial Revolution, in the 18th century, cotton spinners and weavers manufactured cotton cloth in their rural homes. This was known as the ________ _____ or _______ _______ system. “putting - out” Cottage industry

5. Enclosure was the process oftaking land from small farmers to make large farms. When this happened,farmers lost their jobs and had to move to the cities to find work in the factories.

6. The first factories made__________ which is _________. TEXTILES CLOTH

7. Many British people were ________________who invested money, called ___________in new business opportunities and new ways to make profits. Eventually, this industrial capitalism led to a new social class called the ____________ ________. ENTREPRENEURS CAPITAL MIDDLE CLASS

8. Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Overpopulation with many negative effects • On cities • Horrible conditions for workers including very • Long Hours, poor wages, dangerous factories • caused many workers to have their lives controlled by factory owners. • The break down of the family unit amongst the working classes. • Child Labor

9. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution • The rise of Labor Unions to help workers • Improve work conditions • Countries began to search for new sources of raw • materials and new markets. • Increased competition between industrialized countries. • Laws were passed to improve factories and reform child labor • Increase and improvement in transportation • Increased wealth & power for industrialized countries • Increase and improvements in technology and inventions

10. 5 NEGATIVE effects of urbanization • Slums • Homelessness & orphans • Overcrowding • Poor sanitation • Crime

11. Eli Whitney invented theCotton Gin, a machine which could separate seeds from raw cotton.

12. The __________ _________was a method of meltingiron into steel more efficiently Bessemer Process

13. Conditions in the factories • Dirty • Punishment by factory owners or • overseers • Dangerous machines • Very Long Hours • Few breaks

14. 75% of the factory workers in the 1800’s were _____________ and ____________ because they could be payed __________ than men and because they ________________________. Also, _________________ had small hands which could easily fit into machines. WOMEN CHILDREN LESS COULD BE EASILY CONTROLLED CHILDREN

15. The first machines made textiles such as the SpinningJenny and the Flying Shuttle.

16. Long work hours and familieshaving to share homes withother families led to the breakdown of the family unit amongst the working classes.

17. A production method in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process is called an _________________ _________. ASSEMBLY LINE

18. James Watt made the ________________ ____________ more efficient which led to improvements in transportation such as the ________________ and _____________________. STEAM ENGINE STEAM BOAT STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (TRAIN)

19. Adam Smith wrote the Wealth of Nations. Many ideas from his book are still used in economies around the world today, including the U.S. Some of these include:CapitalismFree Market Laissez FaireCompetition

20. Karl Marx wrote the book the ____________________ _____________ which basically explains the theories of _______________________. COMMUNIST MANIFESTO COMMUNISM

21. Marx despised (hated) __________________ because he felt that it created prosperity for a few and poverty for many.Marx felt that eventually, the working class or __________ would revolt and a classless society would emerge. CAPITALISM PROLETARIAT

22. German socialists formed a social democracy in the 1860s in order to transition gradually from ______________ to _______________.According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was _______ ownership by the people of the ______ of _____________. CAPITALISM SOCIALISM SHARED MEANS PRODUCTION

23. Some people, such as __________ _______ ( a person) decided to set up Socialist communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common called ____________. ROBERT OWEN UTOPIAS

24. Eventually, factory workers did get SOME help. _______________ ______________emerged to help workers get better wages, conditions, hours, etc.Some early laws were passed called the ___________ _________ which were MAINLYfocused on reforming or changing _________ _______. LABOR UNIONS FACTORY ACTS CHILD LABOR

25. Laissez Faire means that thegovernment does not interfere in regulating businesses. Therefore,it does not place a lot of restrictions to increase a free market.