Countries, Cities, Physical Features

1. Australia China Fiji Indonesia Japan Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Beijing Hong Kong Jakarta Manila Seoul Taipei Tokyo Bay of Bengal Coral Sea East China Sea Huang He Sea of Japan South China Sea Straight of Malacca Tasman Sea Yangzi River Yellow Sea Countries, Cities, Physical Features

3. a. The written characters are nonphonetic and give no clues to pronunciation. What is unusual about the written form of the Chinese language? a. The written characters are nonphonetic and give no clues to pronunciation. b. Few people can actually write in Chinese because the language is complex. c. Each ethnic group in China has its own version of written Chinese. d. There was no written form at all before the Great Cultural Revolution.

4. d. by using military force to drive off the protesters from the square How did the Chinese government respond to the democratic protest in Tiananmen Square? a. by meeting with student leaders to discuss their demands b. by ignoring the protests and waiting for the crowds to disband over time c. by barricading the square so that it was off limits to protesters d. by using military force to drive off the protesters from the square

5. b. Hong Kong What political area will be rejoined with China in 1997? a. Taiwan b. Hong Kong c. Mongolia d. Tibet

6. b. The United Nations recognized Beijing as China’s legal seat of government. Which of the following did not help spur the growth of Taiwan’s economy? a. Foreign investments helped build new industries. b. The United Nations recognized Beijing as China’s legal seat of government. c. Nationalists instituted land reform and industrial modernization. d. Foreign nations provided technical assistance.

7. a. The government has cut agricultural production. Which of the following is not a way that the Chinese government has attempted to control rapid population growth? a. The government has cut agricultural production. b. Special benefits, such as better housing, are offered to one-child couples. c. Penalties, such as fines and wage cuts, have been levied against people who have more than one child. d. The government has launched a publicity campaign listing the virtues of one-child families.

8. b. the Plateau of Tibet What landform dominates China’s Southwest region? a. the Mongolian Plateau b. the Plateau of Tibet c. the Yangzi River valley d. an alluvial plain

9. b. Ninety-four percent of the entire Chinese population belongs to the Han ethnic group. What is significant about the Han ethnic group in China? a. The Han people form the cultural elite of Chinese civilization. b. Ninety-four percent of the entire Chinese population belongs to the Han ethnic group. c. The Han people form the distinct, Buddhist population of Tibet. d. The Han are the only people in China who practice Christianity.

10. a. the Northeast What region is the center of China’s government and industry? a. the Northeast b. the Southeast c. the Northwest d. the Southwest

11. c. The Yangzi links the port city of Shanghai to interior cities. Why is the Yangzi River important to China’s economy? a. The Yangzi supports a large fishing industry. b. The world’s earliest industrial civilization began on the Yangzi River. c. The Yangzi links the port city of Shanghai to interior cities. d. The Yangzi provides a trade route between China and Russia.

12. d. Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism What are the most widely practiced religions in China? a. Buddhism and Hinduism b. Confucianism, Christianity, and Islam c. Islam and Buddhism d. Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism

13. c. when Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China When did the Communists finally gain control of China? a. when Sun Yat-sen forced the emperor to give up the throne b. when Chiang Kai-shek defeated local warlords and took control of the country c. when Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China d. when Deng Xiaoping defeated the Gang of Four to become China’s leader

14. b. China built a transportation network connecting industry to raw materials. Which of the following is not a way that the Four Modernization’s program led to industrial development in China? a. It changed the focus of the economy from heavy industry to light industry. b. China built a transportation network connecting industry to raw materials. c. The program eased state control of industry. d. Managers and workers who improved efficiency in the factories were rewarded.

15. a. The river contains large amounts of loess, a fine, yellowish soil, and has also created deadly floods in the Huang He Valley. Why is the Huang He known as both the “Yellow River” and “China’s Sorrow?” a. The river contains large amounts of loess, a fine, yellowish soil, and has also created deadly floods in the Huang He Valley. b. Raw sewage contaminates the river and spreads yellow fever throughout China’s most heavily populated regions. c. The loess in the river gives it a yellow color but makes the river water unsafe for human use. d. The Huang He is yellowish in color and deadly to humans because it contains large amounts of toxic waste from Beijing’s factories.

16. b. by combining China’s collectives into self-sufficient People’s Communes How was the Great Leap Forward supposed to make China’s production greater than that of the western nations? a. by replacing private ownership of farms with common ownership b. by combining China’s collectives into self-sufficient People’s Communes c. by smashing the old order and establishing a new socialist society d. by combining elements of free-enterprise economy with socialism

17. d. It was leased to the British but recently became part of China in 1997. What is peculiar about Hong Kong’s political status? a. It is jointly governed by both Britain and China. b. It is a sovereign nation that will become a Chinese colony in 2000. c. It is culturally a part of China but has been governed by Japan since 1860. d. It was leased to the British but recently became part of China in 1997.

18. b. They disliked foreign interference but were influenced by western ideas. What was the Nationalists’ attitude toward reform in China? a. They wanted foreign powers to retain spheres of influence in China. b. They disliked foreign interference but were influenced by western ideas. c. They advocated a working-class revolution to defeat the imperialist powers. d. They wanted to isolate China from foreign influence and western thought.

19. a. to destroy the old ideology and culture and establish a socialist society What was the purpose of the Great Cultural Revolution? a. to destroy the old ideology and culture and establish a socialist society b. to combine collectives into People’s Communes c. to improve agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense d. to create a cultural rebirth of the classical arts of ancient China

20. c. to attract foreign investment and technology to China Why did the Chinese government create four Special Economic Zones in the Southeast region of China? a. to encourage Chinese people to establish private industries b. to stimulate commercial farming through private ownership of land c. to attract foreign investment and technology to China d. to create a light industrial region and an area for tourism

21. c. by giving farmers an opportunity to make more money through the contract responsibility system How did Deng’s Four Modernization’s program greatly increase China’s farm production? a. by enabling farmers to own the land on which they farmed b. by establishing collective farms c. by giving farmers an opportunity to make more money through the contract responsibility system d. by establishing People’s Communes, which contained both farms and industries

22. a. Mongolia is an independent country located between Russia and China. Which of the following describes the location and political status of Mongolia? a. Mongolia is an independent country located between Russia and China. b. Mongolia is a Chinese province located in the barren Northwest region. c. Although Mongolia is governed by the Chinese, it remains a Japanese sphere of influence in Southeast China. d. Mongolia is a southern province of Russia with close cultural ties to China.

23. light industry production of small consumer goods such as clothing, appliances, and bicycles

24. martial law legal rule administered during periods of strict military control

25. sphere of influence area of a country that is controlled to some extent but not governed by a foreign power

26. ideogram picture representing a thing or an idea in written Chinese

27. autonomous region political unit with limited self-government

28. provisional existing on a temporary basis

29. warlord regional leader with a personal army

30. theocrat someone who claims to rule by religious or divine authority

31. double cropping growing more than one crop a year on the same land

32. atheism belief that God does not exist

33. acupuncture practice of inserting needles at specific points on the body to cure disease or ease pain

34. abdicate give up the throne of a country

35. warlord regional leader who maintains a personal army

36. sphere of influence region of a country that a foreign power controls but does not govern