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Understanding Late Adulthood: Physical Changes and Psychosocial Development

Explore the physical changes and psychosocial development in late adulthood including loss of height, vision and hearing issues, dementia, theories of aging, Medicare, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and challenges in work and family dynamics.

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Understanding Late Adulthood: Physical Changes and Psychosocial Development

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  1. Late Adulthood Unit 9

  2. Physical Changes • Gerontology • Loss of height • Gray hair • Thin skin that is prone to bleeding • Same sleep requirements, but lighter sleep patterns lead to less overall rest • :Loss of muscle mass and bone density • Loss of fat reserves • Reduction in the efficiency of heart and lungs • Reduction in sexual interest and responsiveness

  3. Physical Changes • Vision • Cataracts • Glaucoma • Senile Macular Degeneration • Hearing • High-pitch loss first due to cochlear structure • Other Illnesses • Huntington’s Disease • Parkinson’s Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Psychological Illnesses • Depression

  4. Aging & Disease • 1900: Leading cause of death pathenogenic • 2000: Leading cause of death chronic

  5. Aging & Disease • Theories of Aging: • Wear & Tear • Cellular Theory • Error Catastrophe: Errors build up • Hayflick Limit: A cell is only able to divide a certain number of times before dying. • Free Radicals • Antioxidants • Immune Decline

  6. Dementia • Dementia: A category of several disorders characterized by memory loss

  7. Dementia • Alzheimer’s Disease • Neurolytic plaques • Neurofibulary tangles • Stage 1: Confusion & Repetition • Stage 2: Memory Loss • Stage 3: Paranoioa, Anger, death due to brain stem errors

  8. Dementia • Non-Alzheimer’s Dementia • Subcortical Dementia: Brain changes in the subcortical regions • Korskoff’s Syndrome: Brain changes and dementia due to chronic alcohol abuse

  9. Healthcare • Medicare • Medicaid • Drug costs • Prescription & Non-Prescription Drug Abuse

  10. Psychosocial Development • Self-Theory: Core self is critical to maintaining one’s identity • Stratification Theory: Social forces and limitations effect functioning and psychological health • Dynamic Theory: Change and readjustments throughout life impact adult experiences • Continuity Theory: The individual continues to express the same behaviors as earlier in life

  11. Psychosocial Development • Erikson’s Psychosocial Development • Integrity vs. Despair • Immortality vs. Mortality • Disengagement Theory: Social circles narrow as the person disengages from life

  12. Psychosocial Development • Erikson’s Psychosocial Development • Integrity vs. Despair • Immortality vs. Mortality • Disengagement Theory: Social circles narrow as the person disengages from life

  13. Work • Ageism • Retirement • Retirement Poverty

  14. Family & Friends • Marriage • Widowhood • Friendship Development

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