Unit 1 Business Kaleidoscope

1. Lead in Reading: What Is Business Unit 1 Business Kaleidoscope Session1

2. Task 1 Task 2 Task 4 Task 3 Lead in Section I

3. Task 1 (2) This picture shows an assembly line in a car factory. Car-making is one of the most important sectors of manufacturing business. (1) This picture shows a scene in a supermarket. As one of modern retail outlets, the supermarket plays an important role in retailing business

4. Task 1 (4)This picture shows a cabin attendant providing drinks to passengers. Air transportation provides services of transporting passengers and/or cargo using aircraft. (3) This picture shows that a hotel receptionist is receiving guests. Hotel reception is a vital part of hotel service.

5. Task 1 (6) This picture shows a bank in operation. Banking is concerned with the business of providing financial services to consumers and businesses. (5) This picture shows a harvester gathering grain in the fields. Farming refers to grain growing, livestock raising and horticulture.

6. Task 1 (8) This picture shows a real estate agency. Real estate rental is concerned with renting or leasing real estate and providing related services. (7)This picture shows a construction site. Building and construction refers to the process of adding structure to real property. It is a part of secondary industry.

7. Task 2 Classification of Businesses Goods producing businesses • bakery: In a bakery, bread is baked for sale. • shoe factory: A shoe factory makes boots and shoes. • oil plant: An oil plant produces oil. • vegetable farm: A vegetable produces vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, eggplants, etc. • coal mine: A coal mine is engaged in the extraction or removal of coal from the earth by mining.

8. Classification of Businesses Service providing businesses • travel agency: A travel agency is a retail business that sells travel related products and services to customers, on behalf of suppliers, such as airlines, car rentals, cruise lines, hotels, railways, sightseeing tours and package holidays that combine several products • grocery shop: A grocery shop is primarily engaged in retailing food. A grocery shop stocks different kinds of foods from assorted places and cultures, and sells them to customers • bank: A bank provides a wide range of services to customers to meet their financial needs. These services include accepting deposits, making loans and payment services.

9. Service providing businesses hotel: A hotel provides a wide range of services , such as accommodation service, food and beverage service. movie theater: A movie theater is a venue, usually a building, for viewing movies. Most movie theaters are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing a ticket. hospital: A hospital is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment, and often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. public transport: Public transport (also public transportation) comprises passenger transportation services which are available for use by the general public, as opposed to modes for private use such as automobiles or vehicles for hire. Classification of Businesses

10. Task 3 (1) Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is an American public corporation that is engaged in retailing business. It runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500. (2) McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants.

11. Task 3 (3) Lenovo Group Limited is a multinational technology corporation that develops, manufactures and markets desktops and notebook personal computers, workstations, servers, storage drives, IT management software and related services. (4) Air China is the 18th largest airline in the world by fleet size and the world's largest carrier by market capitalisation. It operates 5,090 flights each week worldwide.

12. Task 3 (5) Chery Automobile is an automobile manufacturer. It is the largest independent Chinese auto manufacturer and one of the fastest growing automakers in the world. (6) Holiday Inn is a brand of hotels within the InterContinental Hotels Group.

13. (1) Buick Motor Company: an automobile manufacturer company situated in Detroit, Michigan, USA. (2) Canon Inc.: a multinational corporation that specialises in the manufacture of imaging and optical products, including cameras, photocopiers and computer printers. Its headquarters are located in Tokyo, Japan. (3) Nokia Corporate: a Finnish multinational communications corporation engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices. (4) Haier Group: the world’s 4th largest whitegoods manufacturer and one of China’s Top 100 IT Companies. Task 4 Businesses Producing Goods and Services

14. (5) Boeing: the largest gobal aircraft manufacturer by revenue, orders and deliveries, and the second largrest aerospace and defense contractor in the world. (6) Dell Inc.: the world’s largest mail-order computer vendor. Dell computer has built a reputation for delivering quality PCs at competitive prices. (7) Bank of China: one of the big four state-owned commercial banks of China. (8) China Life Insurance Co. Ltd.: the world's no. 2 insurer with a market value of $129 billion, providing life insurance and annuity products. Task 4 Businesses Producing Goods and Services

15. (9) China International Travel Service: China's largest and most influential tourist enterprise group, providing various kinds of travel services. (10) New Oriental Education & Technology Group: a large-scale comprehensive education and technology group combining education and training, education R&D, book, audio and video publishing, overseas education services, vocational education, online education, and the research and development of educational software. (11) Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.: a producer of film and television entertainment. (12) Sheraton Hotels and Resorts: Starwood Hotels & Resorts' largest and second oldest brand. Task 4 Businesses Producing Goods and Services

16. Introductory Remarks Warm up Discussion Practice Intensive Reading Reading Section Ⅱ

17. Introductory Remarks Business is both an activity, or a set of activities, and a name we give to a special type of organization. Business is concerned with a range of activities that aim at the production of goods and services for sale. A business is an organization that makes goods and services and supplies or sellsthem to customers and consumers. Business activities can be broken down into three types: Primary industry, Secondary industry and Tertiary industry.

18. Warm up Discussion 1 Before you read, work in pairs and discuss the following questions. (1) What is your understanding of business? (2) What role do you think business plays in our lives?

19. What Is Business? Business is an important part of our society. We hear about business every day on television and radio. We read about business in newspapers and magazines. We talk about business with other people. “How’s business?” is a common question. In fact, in modern society we are heavily dependent upon organized business activity (1). The food we eat, the clothes we wear, the cars we drive are all products of organized business activity. We are engaged in business activities every time we exchange our labour for wages and every time we use our wages to buy goods and services (2). Every time we buy something—whether a car or a mobile phone—we make decisions that help determine the kinds of goods and services which business will provide (3). Although the subject of business may sound complicated, it is really an everyday part of our lives (4).

20. Most of us have an idea of what a business is: in reality, however, the issue is by no means clear (5) .The word “business” is used in different ways. It is used to describe both an economic process and an enterprise engaged in economic activity (6). In economic terms, “business” applies to the process of creating and exchanging economic values (i.e. goods or services produced and exchanged for value) (7) and has been defined as “the purchase and sale of goods or services in an attempt to make a profit” (8). We use the word this way when we talk of “doing business”. For example, a retail business might buy products from a wholesaler* which in turn acquires them from a manufacturer*(9). At each stage of this process value is added and money exchanged. The retailer in turn sells these products to customers who may be individuals or other firms.

21. The word also refers to the enterprises or organizations that are engaged in profit making (10). Expressed more formally, business in this sense is the institutional* frame work that enables the “factors of production”, namely, capital, enterprise, land and labour, to be combined to produce goods and services (11). Businesses succeed and are profitable when they efficiently meet and satisfy consumer demand.

22. While we tend to relate “business” to the profit making activity of private enterprises (12), there is a sense in which any organization concerned with the exchange of economic values could be said to be a business. Though non-profit organizations such as charities and many public sector organizations might not be concerned with profit making they will certainly be concerned with cost minimization. They will therefore carefully control their expenditure, and their activity in the market place will influence the price at which goods and services are sold (13). Business activities are those which are concerned with seeking to meet the needs of customers by providing a product or service that they require. They are often broken down into three types (14): Primary* industry Secondary industry (manufacturing and construction) Tertiary* industry (services)

23. Primary industries are concerned with taking out raw materials from the ground or using natural resources (15). They include farming, mining and fishing. Farmers grow and harvest crops and farm livestock, while miners take out coal and oil from the earth. Secondary industries are concerned with making and assembling products by using raw materials and parts from other industries. They include manufacturing and construction. Tertiary /service industries are particularly important today. They are concerned with making invisible products—services. Transportation, retailing, finance, tourism are all service industries.

24. Text analysis • In fact, in modern society we are heavily dependent upon organized business activity. • 事实上，在现代社会，我们十分依赖有组织的商业活动。 Translation Word study dependent upon/on: affected or decided by something e.g.: They will be increasingly dependent on the support of the French.

25. Text analysis 2) We areengaged in business activities every time we exchange our labor for wages and every time we use our wages to buy goods and services 每当我们用劳动换取工资，以及用工资来购买商品和服务时，我们就是在从事商业活动。 Translation Word study engage (sb) in something: (cause sb to) take part in or be occupied in sth e.g.: I have no time to engage in gossip.

26. Text analysis 3)…we make decisions that help determine the kinds of goods and services whichbusiness will provide. … 我们所做的（购物）决定能促成企业决定提供何种产品和服务。 Thathere is a relative pronoun, which introduces an attributive clause to modify and restrict decisions. Which here is also a relative pronoun, and introduces a restrictive attributive clause. e.g.: We deliver solutions that help our customers solve IT problems which they have in using our products. Translation Analysis

27. Text analysis 4)Although the subject of business may sound complicated,it is really an everyday part of our lives. 虽然商务这个主题可能听起来复杂，但是它确实是我们日常生活的一部分。 Complicated:difficult to understand or explain e.g.: The situation is too complicated for the little girl tounderstand. Translation Word study

28. Text analysis 5)Most of us have an idea of what a business is: in reality, however, the issue is by no meansclear. 我们中的大多数人都有一个商务概念，然而事实上，这个问题绝非一清二楚。 by no means:not at all e.g.: —It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. —By no means was he able to handle it. Relative phrase: by all means: used to say that you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth. Translation Word study

29. Text analysis 6) It is used to describe both an economic process and an enterprise engaged in economic activity. 这个词既用来描述经济过程，也用来描述从事经济活动的企业。 both … and…: not only… but also… e.g.: She speaks both English and French. Translation Word study

30. Text analysis 7) In economic terms, “business” applies to the process of creating and exchanging economic values. 在经济学中，“商务”这个术语应用于经济价值的创造和交换过中。 in economic terms:using the technical expressions in economy term: word or phrase used as the name or symbol of sth e.g.: scientific /legal terms Translation Word study

31. Text analysis 8)Business …has been defined as “the purchase and sale of goods or services in an attempt to make a profit”. 商务已经被定义为“以营利为目的的、购买和销售商品和服务的活动”。 in an attempt to: trying to, aiming to; in an effort to e.g.:Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste. Translation Word study

32. Text analysis 9) … a retail business might buy products from a wholesaler which in turn acquires them from a manufacturer. 零售商可以从批发商那里购买产品，而依次，批发商又从生产商那来获得它们。 wholesaler: person or firm that sells goods (esp in large quantities) to shopkeepers for resale to the public. e.g.: He is a fruit wholesaler who does his business quite well. manufacturer: person or firm that makes goods on a large scale using machinery e.g.: If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. Translation Word study

33. Text analysis 10) The word also refers to the enterprises or organizations that are engaged in profit making. 这个词还指营利性的企业和组织 refer to: concern sb/sth; denote sb/sth e.g.: What does this term refer to? Translation Word study

34. Text analysis 11) Expressed more formally, business in this sense is the institutional frame work that enables the “factors of production”, namely capital, enterprise, land and labor, to be combined to produce goods and services. 更正式的表达是，商务在这个意义上是体制上的架构，这个架构使得“生产要素”，即，资本，企业，土地和劳动力，能够结合起来生产产品和服务。 namely: that is to say; specifically e.g.: Only one boy was absent, namely, Harry. Translation Analysis

35. Text analysis 12) …we tend to relate “business” to the profit making activity of private enterprises. 我们往往把商务和私营企业的营利性活动联系起来。 tend to: be easy to; decline to e.g.: Businesses tend to increase sales by reducing the price. Translation Word study

36. Text analysis 13) They will therefore carefully control their expenditure, and their activity in the market place will influence the price at which goods and services are sold. 他们会因此仔细地控制他们的开支，而且他们在市场上的活动将会影响产品和服务的销售价格。 at a price of: come to deal in what the price is e.g.: He bought an apartment at a price of 2, 000 dollars Translation Word study

37. Text analysis 14) They are often broken down into three types. 他们经常可以分为三种。 Break down: be divided or divided into parts by analysis e.g.: Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10, 000,000 dollars, plant 4, 000,000 dollars, and raw materials 5, 000,000 dollars. Translation Word study

38. Text analysis 15) Primary industries are concerned with taking out raw materials from the ground or using natural resources. 第一产业从事的是从土地获取原材料或者利用自然资源。 take out: take from a place where sth. is kept. e.g. The students took out their textbooks and started reading. Translation Word study

39. Practice 2 Read the text and finish the following comprehensive tasks. （1）The term “business” is used in different ways. Name two of these. (2) What does the term “business” mean when we talk of “doing business”? (3) List the factors of production. (4) Explain the flow of money and goods showed in the text. (5) In what sense can non-profit organizations and charities be regarded as businesses? Keys

40. 3 Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). • (1) The decisions we make every time we buy something • will help businesses determine the goods and services • to be provided. . • (2)Nowadays we can hardly live without organized business • activities. • (3) When we talk of “doing business”, we mean “trying to earn • money by buying and selling goods or services”. • (4) Business is only related to the profit making activity of private • enterprises. • (5)Activities of non-profit organizations in the market place will • not influence the price at which goods and services are sold. T T T F F

41. Keys for comprehensive tasks • The word “business” is used to describe both an economic • process and an enterprise engaged in economic activity. • (2) When we talk of “doing business”, the word “business” means • “the purchase and sale of goods or services in an attempt to • make a profit”. • (3) The factors of production include capital, enterprise, land and • labor. • (4) A retail business might buy products from a wholesaler which • in turn acquires them from a manufacturer. At each stage of • this process value is added and money exchanged. The retailer • in turn sells these products to customers who may be • individuals or other firms. • (5) When a business means any organization concerned with the • exchange of economic values.