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BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION

This presentation provides an overview of the history of science and education in Brazil, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the system. It also focuses on the role of the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) in funding and supporting science and research in the country.

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BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION

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  1. BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION July 2009

  2. IANAS Science Funding Landscape Workshop Guatemala City, July 26, 2009 Plenary Session 3: Funding Science in the Americas: The Case of Brazil Jorge A. Guimarães, President of CAPES jguimaraes@capes.gov.br

  3. A SHORT BRAZILIAN HISTORY • Portuguese sailors landed in April, 1500 • Thanks to Napoleonic wars, Portuguese court • fled to Brazil in 1808 • Rio de Janeiro: capital city of Portuguese Kingdom • 1817: Pedro I, Heir to the throne, married Princess Leopoldina Habsburg-Lorena

  4. BRAZILIAN HISTORY • She was the 6th daughter of Francis II of Germany (also Francis I of Austria) • Colony of Portugal until 1822 • Independence Act signed by : Princess Leopoldina, first Empress of Brazil • Pedro II was Emperor from 1840 to 1889 • Brazil became a Republic in 1889

  5. BRAZIL as a Colony • Natural resources exploitation: Brazil wood, sugar cane, gold and precious stones, coffee • First cultural and scientific institutions: 1808 • First printing of books: 1831 • First school of engineering: 1876 • First University (USP): 1934

  6. Some Brazilian People: Racial Melting pot • Native indians very primitive • Extensive miscigenation with Portuguese • African slaves: sugar cane and coffee • Also extensive intermarriages with slaves

  7. Organized migrations… Fonte: RIBEIRO, D. O Povo Brasileiro: a formação e o sentido do Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1995.

  8. Some Weaknesses • Large inequalities (economic, social, educational) • Poor child education in science • Low innovation in many industrial sectors

  9. Some Education Indicators…

  10. Higher Education Institutions • Brazil: 2,281 Institutions • 249 Public (11%): • 106 Federal • 82 State (Länder) • 61 County (Statt) • 2,032 Private (89%): • 1,594 Profit oriented • 438 Phylantropic

  11. Higher Education Teachers and Professors • Brazil: 317,041 • 108,828 Public (34%): • 59,156 Federal • 41,709 State (Länder) • 7,963 County (Statt) • 208,213 Private (66%): • 127,410 Profit oriented • 80,803 Phylantropic

  12. Higher Education: Students • Brazil: 4,880,381 (2.6% of Population) • 1,240,968 Public (25%): • 615,542 Federal • 482,814 State (Länder) • 142,612 County (Statt) • 3,639,413 Private (75%): • 2,257,321 Profit • 1,382,092Phylantropic

  13. Federal Government State Governments MCT MEC State of São Paulo 23 other States CNPQ 1951 CAPES 1951 FAPESP 1962 FAPES 1989-92 Fellowships for Post-Graduate Students FINEP 1967 Funding Individual Research Projects Funding Institutional Research Projects Fellowships for Senior and Young Investigators Brazilian System for Support of S&T&I, and Development of Human Resources Numbers indicate year of foundation of agencies. Source: J.A. Guimarães, M.C. Human: (1995) Human Resources in S&T in Brazil Scientometrics 34: 101-119 MCT: Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, MEC; Ministério da Educação, CNPq: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, CAPES: Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, FINEP: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, FAPESP: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo e FAPES: Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa demais Estados.

  14. Brazilian Model for S&T&I Development • VIRTUOS CICLE OF BRAZILIAN SCIENCE • INITIATION IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH • STRONGPOST-GRADUATION PROGRAM • FORMATION OF RESEARCH GROUPS • INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION • FULL ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE (VIRTUAL LIBRARY) EVERY COMPONENT OF THE CYCLE IS FINANCED

  15. BRAZILIAN FEDERAL AGENCY FOR SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF GRADUATE EDUCATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

  16. CAPES • Instituted in 1951 • Federal Agency – Minister of Education • Main objectives: support human resources development for higher education • 2009 scholarships: • - 49,000 Masters and Ph.D. degree scholarships in Brazil • - 4,251 fellowships abroad

  17. MAIN GOALS: • Devise policies to improve the graduate system • and create priorities • Evaluate and Accredit all Brazilian graduate courses • support development of higher education and science and technology research. • Support academic qualification of professors and teachers for basic education (new mission) 17

  18. ACTIONS…. And Financing • Financial support to Graduate Programs in Brazil (institutional and individual grants and scholarships ) • Provide access to scientific information (Virtual Library) • Promote international cooperation (international agreements)

  19. Enrolled Students: 1987-2008 Source: Capes/MEC.Coleta 2008.

  20. Masters and Ph.D. Degrees Awarded: 1987-2008 Source: Capes/MEC.Coleta 2008.

  21. National System for Graduate Studies - 2009 • 2.738 Programs* responsable for: • 4.112Courses*: - 2.454 masters (59,4%), - 1.415 Ph. D. (34,4%), - 252 professional masters (6,2%); • 44.055Teaching** *Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http://www.capes.gov.br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/07/2009. ** Source : Coleta 2008. *** Source : Cadastro Discente. Date of update:11 /05/ 2009.

  22. National System for Graduate Studies • 60,000New Students Enrolled per year • Year 2009: 160,000 Registered Students: -Two third Master and Professional Master • One third Ph. D. 49,081scholarships: - 31,528 Master Students - 17,553Ph. D. Students Source : Coleta 2008. Source : Cadastro Discente. Date of update:11 /05/ 2009.

  23. Distribution of Programs by Areas - 2009 Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http://www.capes.gov.br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/05/2009

  24. Regional Distribution of the Courses for Level- 2009 Source: Courses recommended and recognized. Disponível em: http://www.capes.gov.br/cursos-recomendados. Date of update : 04/05/2009

  25. VIRTUAL LIBRARY PORTAL DE PERIÓDICOS CAPES

  26. Portal • Established in 2000 • Online access to full text of 13,000 most • qualified international scientific journals • and to 126 international data banks • High cappilarity: free access trough any • terminal connected to the Internet • (268 authorized institutions ) • Objective: Reduction of regional disparities

  27. Journal Titles – 2000-2008 * Maio 08

  28. Portal Contents • 13,015periodical titles • 126 referential data bases available Public • 268 Higher Education Institutions. Use: 2008 • 21 million full texts downloaded/year • 39 million referential base accesses/year • More than 166,000 accesses and downloads per day

  29. Collection Profile June 08

  30. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

  31. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION GOALS • Avoid in-breeding • Facilitate access to the international scientific community • Improve the visibility of Brazilian research groups abroad • Establish new research partnerships • Promote academic mobility

  32. International Cooperation Programs • Scholarships abroad (individual fellowships) • Bi-National Doctoral Colleges • Joint research projects and University Partnerships • Visiting Professorships • Outstanding Visiting Professorships • General International Cooperation Program

  33. JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS AND PARTNERSHIPS UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS (2008) Source: CAPES/MEC

  34. C OUNTRY PROGRAM NUMBER OF PROJECTS Germany 79 PROBRAL 108 Argentine MINCYT 52 Cuba MES Spain DGU 75 USA CAPES / UNIV. TEXAS 20 France COFECUB 124 Portugal GRICES 72 Netherlands Univ. Wageningen 18 Uruguai Universidad de la República 11 TOT AL 559 JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS2008 Source: CAPES/MEC

  35. JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS 2008 Source: CAPES/MEC

  36. CAPES / FINEP / DFG BRAZILIAN - GERMAN COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH INITIATIVE ON MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY - BRAGECRIM – Main motivation: “ Strategic State of the Art Research on Production Technology”

  37. BRAGECRIM - Manufacture Technology: • Essential to competiveness and sustainable development • Objectives: • Short term: product life cycle • Medium term: Productive chain x sustainable development • Long term: “World Class Production”

  38. BRAGECRIM (CAPES, FINEP, DFG) 21 Universities: 10 in Brazil, 11 in Germany 30 Research Institutes, including Fraunhofer

  39. Scholarships abroad - 2008 • 4,251 scholarships in several countries: • Ph.D. courses • “Sandwich” or Split Ph.D. • Post-doctoral fellowships • Undergraduate “Sandwich” • Others

  40. Scholarships abroad - 1996 to 2008 Fonte:Capes/MEC

  41. Scholarships abroad-2008

  42. Scholarships awarded - 2008 Source: CAPES/MEC

  43. Visiting Professorships • Foreign or Brazilian Professors with permanent positions abroad • 4 months up to 2 years • Research and teaching • Tax free allowance: US$ 40,000.00 to • US$ 60,000.00 per year

  44. Outstanding Visiting Professorships • Distinguished Foreign Professors (Nobel Prizes, Field Medal, etc.) • Generous allowance • Short credit courses and conferences for graduate students • Include virtual (on-line, via Internet conferences)

  45. General International Cooperation Program • Open for proposals any time • Brazilian Graduate Program (levels 5+) • Qualified counterpart in any country • Simmetries of funding and mobilities of • graduate students (undergraduate in • selected areas)

  46. PEC-G: Scholarships for Latin America Students - 2008 Total Number of PEC-G scholarships among Latin American in 2008: 132 Source: MRE

  47. PEC-G: Scholarships among Latin America countries - 2009 Total Number of PEC-G scholarships among Latin American in 2009: 143 Source: MRE

  48. PEC-PG: Scholarships for Latin American´s Master and Ph.D. Students - 2008 Total Number of PEC-PG scholarships in 2008: 66 Source: Capes e CNPq

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