Integumentary System

1. Integumentary System

2. Integumentary System :Skinskin is the ________ ________ in the body. Also included are the ______________organs: hair, _________ glands, ___________ glands, ______ and variations

3. Functions of the Skin:The study of skin is ______________________.The skin has a variety of functions including:*barrier against ______________________________*protects ____________________ from __________*prevents the body from _____________*inhibits excess ________intake (from aquatic species)*regulates _________________*receptor for sensations of _______, _______, ______, __________, and _________.*disposal of _____________ products

4. The body produces ________ by metabolizing ingested food. The amount of heat produced is the result of the amount of _______ done by the _________.Most of body heat is lost by:

5. _______________________: heat energy is transmitted as rays to the surrounding areas.

6. ___________________: heat energy passes by ___________________ through a non-moving medium.Eg: when an animal lies on a cold surface it loses heat directly to that surface.Or when an animal is lying on a surgery table the heat is lost directly to the surface of the table and through the incision made

7. __________________: Heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one _________________________. This is the heat loss responsible for the wind chill factor

8. _____________________; heat is lost as perspiration or other ____________on the skin. Air currents can _________________evaporative heat loss through convection.

9. Most of the remainder of heat loss occurs through ______________________________ and lesser amounts lost through __________________ and __________________tracts.

10. The skin is composed of _____layers:The ______________: is the outer, thinner layer.The _____________: is the thicker inner layer. Composition of skin

11. dermis epidermis

13. The __________________: is made up of ___________________________ epithilial tissue,the layers from the dermis outward are:

14. The cells in this inner most layer multiply _________________ to compensate for the constant loss of cells from the __________ of the _______________. These cells push upward into each layer and eventually die. Stratum germinativum - ____________

16. The cells begin to __________ and draw apart. This layer is only ___or ___cells thick. It is thicker on parts of the body that endure ___________wear, like __________. Stratum spinosum: _____________

18. Stratum granulosum: ____________________The cells in this layer contain _______________visible in the _____________. This layer may not be present in some areas of thin skin._____________________ or _____________ packs the cells with fibrous protein called ____________.

19. Stratum lucidum: _____________________This layer is made up of closely packed ____________ cells. This layer is found in tissue that endure ____________ wear.

21. Stratum corneum: ______________________This layer is made of flat, lifeless, _______________ cells. They appear as overlapping dry __________ that make up the outer skin layer. If ________________, they will prevent the entrance of microorganisms.________________________ gives the special epidermal parts (hooves, horns, beaks) their strength.

24. Cornified

26. Skin color is determined by the amount of ______________ in the stratum ____________________ layer. _______________, the sun and some ______________ affect the skin color

29. The absence of normal pigmentation is called _______________. True albinism prevents pigmentation of the _________, _______ and ________. This condition may be associated with other lethal traits as well as a lack of protection from the ____________.

31. Skin color can also be affected by the ___________________. Eg: Skin color can take on a ________ hue (____________) when oxygen supply is compromised

34. The dermis (____________), is made up of dense, fibrous, __________________ tissue containing _________ vessels and ___________. Small involuntary muscles (___________________) are attached to the hair follicles. When these muscles contract, the hairs stiffen. This increases the animals ability to ____________ itself against ______________.

37. _____________ glands, ___________ glands, ________________ receptors are found in the ____________ layer.

39. The __________________ layer under the ____________ is the ________________ or ____________. It consists of loose ________________ tissue and ______________tissue.

40. Skin structure differs throughout the body. It is _____________, _________________, and varies in _________________.

42. HairMammals have three types of hair.*___________________*___________________*___________________

43. _____________ hairs are also called __________ hairs and these make up the top coat. These hairs are _______ with a smooth appearance. This arrangement allows rain to run off the coat preventing ___________ of the animal

46. ________________ hairs are also called ___________ hairs and make up the _____________. These hairs are soft, thin and wavy.

48. ___________ hair are usually thicker and longer than primary hair and is most often found around the _________ . These hairs grow deep from the ______________ or superficial muscle layer and act as a __________ receptor.

50. Hair develops from the hair ____________, located at the base of the hair follicle. Cells at the base increase, push upward and _____________, forming the visible hair shaft. Hair follicles are positioned at ___ – ___ degree angle to the skin.