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Unit 8 Part 3

Unit 8 Part 3. The Revolutions of 1848. Causes. Nationalism Economic crisis: 1846-1848 bad harvests led to business failures and unemployment Drought in Europe, Potato blight (Ireland)

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Unit 8 Part 3

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  1. Unit 8 Part 3 The Revolutions of 1848

  2. Causes • Nationalism • Economic crisis: 1846-1848 bad harvests led to business failures and unemployment • Drought in Europe, Potato blight (Ireland) • Romantic movement: Carried out in the arts and literature. Revolt against classicism (rules for art) and the enlightenment (rationality, order and restraint) • Spontaneity, love of nature, emotional exuberance, imagination

  3. Romantic artists • Giuseppe Verdi: Italian nationalist composer • Richard Wagner: German nationalist composer • Walter Scott: Ivanhoe • Alexander Dumas: The Three Musketeers

  4. France • Problem: Discontent with Louis Philippe by the working class • Feb 22 1848 they rose up and Louis abdicated creating the 2nd French republic • Louis Blanc emerges as a leader of the 10 man board that now runs France • France begins a national workshops program • By June the middle class has had enough and elects more conservative delegates who end the workshops

  5. The June Days • The poor responded by barricading the streets which led to 3 days of fighting • 10,000 dead • Shows the division in French society • Socialism rejected as too radical

  6. Louis Napoleon • Nephew of the Emperor, wins the Presidency in late 1848 • More conservative but also believed in helping the poor • At the end of his 4 year term the Assembly tried to stop him from running again but failed • December 1851 he was elected to a 10 year term • 1 year later 97% voted him Emperor Napoleon III

  7. Austria • The Empire had too many ethnic groups and had rejected all liberal reform • Vienna March 1848 • Student led disturbances asking for liberal reform • Nationalist revolts from the Czechs, Hungarians, Italians and the German States

  8. Results of 1848 • The Austrian imperial government decided to reassert its authority October of 1848 • Bombard Vienna and liberal revolt folded • December 2:Emperor Ferdinand I abdicates and is replaced by his nephew Francis Joseph (1846-1916) • By March 1849 military rule is reestablished over the Hungarians, Czechs and Italians • German states failed to unify

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