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Stages of Genocide

Stages of Genocide. Raul Hilberg’s 4 Stages & Genocidewatch’s 8 Stages. Genocide as a Process. Eight stages that are “predictable” But NOT guaranteed Process is NOT linear Later stages must be preceded by earlier All stages continue throughout process. CLASSIFICATION:.

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Stages of Genocide

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  1. Stages of Genocide Raul Hilberg’s 4 Stages& Genocidewatch’s 8 Stages

  2. Genocide as a Process • Eight stages that are “predictable” • But NOT guaranteed • Process is NOT linear • Later stages must be preceded by earlier • All stages continue throughout process

  3. CLASSIFICATION: Is to classify “us & them”; create symbol meant to classify the group German and Jew Hutu and Tutsi Identification

  4. Hutu & Tutsi or German & Jew

  5. SYMBOLIZATION: Give names or other symbols to classifications Distinguish by colors or dress Apply symbol to members of group Identification

  6. Identity Card of Rudolf Kohn

  7. Star of David

  8. DEHUMANIZATION Denies the humanity of the group Equates group with vermin, animals, insects or disease Hate propaganda is printed Hate radio used to vilify the group Isolation

  9. Anti-Jewish Signage

  10. Hutu Radio – Rwandan Genocide Used terms “cockroaches” & “tall trees”

  11. ORGANIZATION: Plans made for genocidal killing Genocide is always organized Militia often trained by army units Can be informal and/or decentralized Isolation

  12. Interahamwe & Janjaweed

  13. POLARIZATION: Extremists drive groups apart Broadcast polarizing propaganda Laws forbid intermarriage/social interaction Targeting of moderates Disenfranchisement

  14. Nuremberg Laws

  15. Attacks on Moderates in Rwanda

  16. PREPARATION: Victims are separated out because of a certain characteristic Segregated or confined Death lists written up Symbols used Property expropriated Disenfranchisement

  17. A Crate Full of Rings Confiscated from Prisoners Crates of Silverware Taken from Prisoners

  18. The Warsaw ghetto was sealed with walls.

  19. This brick wall was built sealing the Warsaw ghetto off from the rest of the city.

  20. Auschwitz-Birkenau

  21. Thereseinstadt

  22. Awarehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the prisoners and deportees gassed upon their arrival

  23. A large pile of brushes, that were confiscated from arriving prisoners, are stored in one of the warehouses in Auschwitz

  24. One of the warehouses in Auschwitz, which is stuffed to overflowing with clothes confiscated from prisoners

  25. Kristallnacht November 10, 1938Night of Broken Glass

  26. EXTERMINATION: Wiping out of a group or culture Victims are not entirely ‘human’ Downward spiral in society as a whole Armed forces work with militias when state-sponsored Extermination

  27. Majdanek: Death Camp

  28. A prisoner who has been subjected to low pressure experimentation. For the benefit of the Luftwaffe, air pressure was created comparable to that found at 15,000 meters in altitude, in an effort to determine how high German pilots could fly and survive.

  29. Prisoners on a forced march from Dachau concentration camp

  30. Gas Chambers

  31. Gas Chambers

  32. DENIAL • Not part of Hilberg’s 4 stages • Sure signs of genocide; mass graves, evidence of deaths • Deny crimes, blame events on victims, block investigations • Cover up evidence; intimidate witnesses

  33. Genocidewatch’s 8 Stages Hilberg’s 4 Stages • Classification • Symbolization • Dehumanization • Organization • Polarization • Preparation • Extermination • Denial • Identify • Isolation • Disenfranchisement • Extermination

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