1 / 40

Required Media/Equipment/Software:

Required Media/Equipment/Software: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health & Disease , 11th Edition, Barbara Cohen, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 9780781790734f

evette
Download Presentation

Required Media/Equipment/Software:

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Required Media/Equipment/Software: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health & Disease, 11th Edition, Barbara Cohen, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 9780781790734f Study Guide For Memmler’s The Human Body in Health & Disease, 11th Edition, Barbara Cohen, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 9780781765817 Mosby’s Pocket Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, 6th Edition, Elsevier/Mosby, 2010, ISBN 9780323052917

  2. Grading and Evaluation: Final Grades will be determined by: Grading Scale: Class Participation 10% 90-100% A Homework/Assignments 20% 80-89% B Quizzes 20% 70-79% C Examinations 30% 00-69% F Projects 20% Total 100%

  3. Memmler’sThe Human Body in Health and Disease11th edition Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Organization of the Human Body

  4. The study of the human body • Anatomy – The study of the structure of the body • Physiology – The study of the function of the body • Understanding the normal body is basis for analyzing disease • Pathology – The study of disease processes in the human body

  5. Levels of Organization:

  6. Protection, support, and movement Integumentary (skin) Skeletal Muscular Coordination and control Nervous Endocrine Circulation Cardiovascular Lymphatic (immune) Nutrition and fluid balance Respiratory Digestive Urinary Production of offspring Reproductive 11 Body Systems

  7. Checkpoint 1-1: In studying the human body, one may concentrate on its structure or function. What are these two studies called?

  8. Integumentary System • Structure: - Includes skin, hair, nails, sebaceous (lubricating) and sweat glands • 2 layers – dermis & epidermis • 3rd layer - hypodermis • Function: • insulates, protects, temperature regulation, water regulation

  9. Skeletal System • Structure: • Composed of bones, cartilage, joints • Function: • provides support/body framework • act as levers for movement • manufactures blood cells in red bone marrow • yellow marrow stores fat

  10. Muscular System • Structure: • Consists of muscle fibers are arranged in bundles(fasciae), tendon sheaths, and bursae • Functions: • Skeletal (Voluntary): creates and limits movement • Smooth (Involuntary): moves food along the digestive tract, circulates blood • Cardiac: involuntary and causes heart contraction

  11. Nervous System • Structure: • Composed of Brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves • Function: - controls and regulates all other systems of the body: receives internal and external stimuli from receptors & special senses, interprets stimuli and directs body’s response

  12. Central Nervous System

  13. Endocrine System • Glands produce hormones that regulate body activities such as growth and reproduction • Works with the nervous system through the hypothalamus of the brain to control and coordinate other body systems.

  14. Cardiovascular System • Structure: • Consists of heart, arteries, veins, capillaries • Function • Circulates blood to and from the cells of the body

  15. Lymphatic System • Structure: • Lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, lymphatic vessels • Function: • Drains tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid • Absorbs fats from the intestines and carries them to the blood • Protects the body from disease

  16. Respiratory System • Structure: • Consists of nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs • Function • Brings oxygen to and eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood

  17. Digestive System • Structure: • Consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver and pancreas • Function: • Absorbs nutrients from food and eliminates indigestible wastes

  18. Urinary System • Structure: • Two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and urethra • Function: • Rids the body of waste products and excess water

  19. Reproductive System • Women – ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina • Men – testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, urethra • Allows for the process of conception, pregnancy and birth

  20. Metabolism • Metabolism includes all life sustaining reactions that go on in the body • Consists two types of activities: • Catabolism – complex substances broken down into simpler compounds to deliver energy • Anabolism – the building phase of metabolism (for growth, tissue repair, function) • ATP – adenosine triphosphate - energy unit the body uses

  21. Homeostasis • Maintenance of the internal environment of the body • Body temperature, body fluids, heart rate, blood pressure, etc must be kept within set limits to maintain health This steady state within the organism is called Homeostasis • Homeostasis is maintained through balance of intracellular and extra cellular fluids and a series of feedback loops

  22. Fluid balance • Extracellular fluid: • Transport nutrients into and out of the cell • It includes all body fluids outside the cells • Example: blood, interstitial fluid • Intracellular fluid: • Contained within the cell

  23. Feedback • Is a control system based on information returned to the source • Negative Feedback Loop – most body systems are regulated this way • An action causes the body to reverse the trend of that action • Examples include temperature regulation: Body temperature rises, alerting the brain, causing sweating and other cooling mechanisms • Positive Feedback Loop • An action produces more of the same action • Examples include childbirth: stretching the uterus causes contraction of the uterus causes stretching…

  24. Comparison of positive and negative feedback.

  25. Basic Reference Systems of Bodily Organization • Directions • Planes • Body Cavities

  26. Directions • Superior • Inferior • Anterior (ventral) • Posterior (dorsal) • Cephalad (Cranial) • Medial • Lateral • Proximal • Distal •What is the scientific name for the position in which this subject is standing?

  27. Planes • Median (midsagittal) plane – divides body down the middle into left and right halves • Sagittal – any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane – SIDEWAYS • Horizontal (transverse) plane – divides the body into top and bottom halves • Frontal (coronal) plane – divides the body into front and back halves • Longitudinal section – cut long ways • Transverse section – cut across the middle

  28. •Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts? •Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

  29. Tissue Sections • Cross section • Longitudinal (transverse) section • Oblique section

  30. Cavities • Dorsal Cavity: contains organs of the nervous system • Cranial Cavity • Spinal cavity • Ventral Cavity: contains organs involved in maintaining homeostasis • Thoracic cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity

  31. Definitions • Viscera – any organ • Peritoneum – membrane lining of the abdominal cavity and abdominal organs • Parietal – walls of a cavity • Visceral – referring to an organ • Interstitial fluid – the fluid between cells

More Related