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FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM

FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM. PREMED H&P . External Female Genitalia. Vulva – Includes the (Folds) labia structures, clitoris, urethral openings and vagina Labia Majora – Round, folds of adipose tissue

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FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM

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  1. FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM PREMED H&P

  2. External Female Genitalia • Vulva – Includes the (Folds) labia structures, clitoris, urethral openings and vagina • Labia Majora– Round, folds of adipose tissue • Labia Minora– Thin, pinkish, red folds of skin that extend to form the prepuce and the clitoris • Clitoris – Contains nerve endings for sexual pleasure • Prepuce - Fold of skin covering the clitoris • Vestibule – Fossa between the labia minora

  3. Urethral Meatus– Found between the clitoris and vagina • Bartholin Glands – Located on either side of the vagina • Perineum – Tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus

  4. Vagina – Hollow tube that extends upward from the vulva externally to the uterus internally (uterine cervix) • Uterus – Body (corpus), Isthmus, Fundus (upper portion),cervix • Ectocervix – Vagina opening into the cervix, also called the “external os” • Viewed through a speculum

  5. Fallopian Tube – Extends from each side of the uterus toward the ovary • Adnexa: Ovaries, Fallopian tubes • Ovaries: Production of ova (egg) and secretion of hormones (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)

  6. Hormone secretions during puberty stimulate the growth of the uterus and its lining • Also stimulate secondary sex characteristics – breasts and pubic hair • Lymphatics from vulva and lower vagina drains into the inguinal nodes • Lymphatics from upper vagina and internal genitalia drains into the pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes

  7. Before menarche or menstruation, there is an increase in vaginal secretions • Leukorrhea – Vaginal secretions and produced during sexual arousal • *Must be differentiated with discharge during infection

  8. Aging • With age, ovarian function diminishes during a woman’s 40’s • Menstrual period stops at an age between 45 and 52 • Pubic hair becomes less and gray • With a decline in estrogen, labia and clitoris becomes smaller, vagina narrows and shortens • Uterus and ovaries diminish in size as well

  9. History • What are the common concerning complaints in a female?

  10. Menstruation (Flow of blood between 3 to 7days) • Menopause (Absence of menses for 12 months) • Pregnancy • Vulva/Vaginal symptoms • Sexual activity • Example – Date of first period (“age at menarche”) – Possible pregnancy or menstrual irregularities

  11. Amenorrhea – Absence of periods • Amenorrhea with heavy bleeding may be an abortion • Oligomenorrhea – Infrequent periods, irregular • Dysmenorrhea – Pain with menses, “cramping pain” in the lower abdomen • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – Complex symptoms that occur 4 to 10 days before periods • Includes tension, nervousness, irritability, depression, mood swings, weight gain, bloating, edema and tenderness of breasts, and headache

  12. Menopausal Symptoms – Hot flashes, flushing, sweating, and sleep disturbances • *Post-menopausal bleeding can indicate endometrial cancer • Vulva/Vaginal symptoms: - Vaginal discharge, itching • Dyspareunia – Pain during intercourse • Vaginismus – Involuntary spasm of muscle around vagina making penetration hard

  13. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • 1. Assess patient’s sexual maturity • *Delayed puberty may be familial or chronic illness. Also medical abnormalities with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary • 2. Inspect Patient’s external genitalia • Labia minora, clitoris, urethral meatus, vaginal opening • Note for inflammation, ulceration, discharge, swelling

  14. INTERNAL EXAMINATION • Inserting Speculum • Inspect the cervix • Color of cervix, position, characteristic, ulceration, nodules, mass, bleeding, discharge • Obtain specimen for Pap Smear • Perform a bimanual examination • Using the index and middle fingers • Palpate cervix and uterus

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