Chapter 20

1. Chapter 20 The New Frontier And The Great Society

2. Presidential Nominees in the election of 1960: • Nixon • Kennedy

3. Election of 1960 • John F. Kennedy vs. Nixon • Took part in the first televised debate between two presidential candidates • Debate took place on Sept. 26, 1960 • 70 million T.V viewers

6. Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

7. Did You Know? • He was a decorated naval officer in World War II.• He received the Pulitzer Prize for his book, "Profiles in Courage."• He served exactly 1,000 days in office.• He was the first president born in the 20th century and the youngest president ever elected. • He is the only Roman Catholic president • He could read 1600 words a minute.

9. Section one… John F. Kennedy • Became the 35th President in January1961 • Only 43 when elected which made him the second youngest president elected • Democrat • Won by fewer than 119,000 votes

10. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Kennedy was the youngest person ever to be elected president. His youth helped provide the theme to his inaugural address: “Let the word go forth… That the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans… The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it…And so, my fellow Americans-ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country.”

11. The Camelot Years With JFK’s youthful glamour and his talented advisors, the Kennedy White House reminded many of a modern- day Camelot, the mythical court of King Arthur.

12. It's true! It's true! The crown has made it clear.The climate must be perfect all the year.A law was made a distant moon ago here:July and August cannot be too hot.And there's a legal limit to the snow hereIn Camelot.The winter is forbidden till DecemberAnd exits March the second on the dot.By order, summer lingers through SeptemberIn Camelot.Camelot! Camelot!I know it sounds a bit bizarre,But in Camelot, Camelot

13. That's how conditions are.The rain may never fall till after sundown.By eight, the morning fog must disappear.In short, there's simply notA more congenial spotFor happily-ever-aftering than hereIn Camelot.Camelot! Camelot!I know it gives a person pause,But in Camelot, CamelotThose are the legal laws.The snow may never slush upon the hillside.By nine p.m. the moonlight must appear.In short, there's simply notA more congenial spotFor happily-ever-aftering than hereIn Camelot.

34. Kennedy’s Advisers • McGeorge Bundy- Harvard grad. Was National security adviser • Robert McNamara- President of Ford Motor Company. Was secretary of defense • Dean Rusk- President of Rockafella foundation. Was secretary of state

35. Attorney General: Robert Kennedy

36. Military Policy • Focused on the Cold War • Flexible Response • A policy developed by the Kennedy Administration, prepared the military for different forms of attack other than nuclear weapons • Help created elite branches of the military • Special Forces • Green Berets

37. Crisis Over Cuba The first test of Kennedy’s foreign policy came in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Revolutionary leader, Fidel Castro, openly declared himself a communist and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union.

38. Fidel Castro • Castro openly declared himself a communist and welcomed aid from the Soviet Union • U.S saw Castro as a tyrant who had replaced one dictatorship with another • Because of communism 10 percent of Cuba’s population went into exile in Miami, Florida

39. The Bay of Pigs On the nights of April 17,1961, some 1500 Cuban exiles supported by the U.S. military landed on the island’s southern coast at Baja de Cochinos, the Bay of Pigs. The CIA and the exiles hoped it would trigger a mass uprising that would overthrow Castro. It didn’t! Cuban forces, backed by Soviet tanks and jet aircraft, easily repelled the exile invasion. Some of the exiles were killed, others imprisoned.

40. The Bay of Pigs • March 1960 Eisenhower gave the CIA permission to train Cuba exiles as spies • April 17, 1961 • 25000 soldiers were sent by Kennedy to head off Castro but Castro’s troops headed them off and captured men • Kennedy negotiated with Castro for the release of the surviving commandos • Kennedy had to pay a ransom of 53 million in food and medical supplies

41. Cuban Missile Crisis In October, 1962, photographs taken by American planes revealed Soviet missile bases in Cuba-and some contained missiles ready to launch. They could reach U.S. cities in minutes.

42. On October 22, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent further deliveries of Soviet weapons. He also demanded that the Soviets remove the missiles. Khrushchev promised to challenge the blockade, calling it “outright banditry.”

43. For a few days, nuclear war and massive destruction was a distinct possibility for every American. In schools, children practiced air raid drills, a common occurrence during the Cold War. People who had built bomb shelters began stocking them with food and other provisions. Even the president called his family to the White House where they could be protected in the presidential nuclear shelter.

45. Suddenly, on October 24, many of the Soviet ships stopped short of the blockade line, turned, and sailed home. “We’re eyeball to eyeball,” said Secretary of State Dean Rusk, “and I think the other fellow just blinked.” On October 28 Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missile bases in response to Kennedy’s promise not to invade Cuba.

46. Cuban Missile Crisis • October 22, Kennedy informed the country of the Soviet Unions missile and his plan to get rid of them • In Florida 100,000 troops waited for one of the largest invasions • Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles if the U.S did not invade

47. Kennedy and Berlin One of the high points of Kennedy’s foreign travels was a trip he made to Berlin in 1963 to dramatize America’s commitment to West Berlin and West Germany. In a speech at the Berlin Wall, Kennedy electrified an audience of about 150,000 Germans by stating , “Ich bin ein Berliner” (I am a Berliner), thus declaring the solidarity of all free people with the people of West Berlin.

48. The New Frontier President Kennedy’s legislative program to provide medical care for the elderly…. To rebuild blighted urban areas….

49. To aid education…. To bolster the national defense….

50. To increase international aid…. To expand the space program.