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REFERENCE AND RESEARCH

Learn how to determine information accuracy, factuality, and sources as primary or secondary in reference and research. Essential for students preparing for FCAT questions.

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REFERENCE AND RESEARCH

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  1. REFERENCE AND RESEARCH LAA 247

  2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • How can we determine if information is valid and reliable? • How can we determine if information is fact or opinion? • How can we identify information as a primary or secondary source? • How can we prepare for Reference/Research FCAT questions?

  3. KEY VOCABULARY • Validity – The degree that information that is correct, factual and sound. • Reliability – The degree that information that can be researched or is from a source whose credentials are trustworthy. • Fact - A statement that can be proven to be either true or false. • Opinion – A statement that expresses beliefs, feelings, and judgments. • Primary Source – First hand or original information that comes from a reliable source. • Secondary Source –Information that has been gathered and interpreted by more than one source.

  4. What is Reference and Research? 1. Understanding Reference and Research Benchmarks 2. Reference/Research – Locating and Interpreting Information 3. Reference/Research – Analyzing Multiple Sources 4. Validity and Reliability 5. Fact vs. Opinion

  5. What is Reference and Research? 6. Primary vs.. Secondary Sources 7. Reference and Research on the FCAT- Components of the Test: multiple choice (MC), short written response (SR), extended written response (ER)- Sample Reference and Questions- Test Taking Strategies

  6. 1. Understanding Reference and Research Benchmarks High School - Students locate, gather, analyze, evaluate written information - Students analyze validity and reliability of information. - Students synthesize information from multiple sources to draw conclusions and formulate a written response to a writing prompt.

  7. 2. Reference and Research - Locating and Interpreting Information Students must be able to: • locate and interpret different types of written information (text material, indexes, glossaries, maps, charts, graphs, pictures, etc.) • demonstrate an understanding of information gathered from a variety of sources (library, textbook, internet, atlas, encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines)

  8. 2. Reference and Research - Locating and Interpreting Information Students must be able to: • Interpret the information gathered for a variety of purposes ( class writing assignments, discussion and assessments, collaborative decision-making, standardized assessment i.e. FCAT)

  9. 3. Reference and Research – Analyzing Multiple Sources Students must be able to: • comprehend information contained in multiple sources not just their textbook. • respond to higher-order questions based on information analysis (oral questioning and written assessments)

  10. 3. Reference and Research – Analyzing Multiple Sources Students must be able to: • determine the reliability and validity of information. • distinguish between fact and opinion. • Identify primary and secondary sources. T-12

  11. 4. Validity and Reliability • These two Reference and Research skills require the student to analyze the correctness (validity) and source (reliability) of information. • In order to do this, the student needs to determine if the information is: • fact or opinion • primary or secondary source

  12. 5. Fact vs. Opinion • Fact - A statement that can be proven to be either true or false using a valid source. • A fact answers specific questions such as: What happened? Who did it? When and where did it happen? Why did it happen?

  13. 5. Fact vs. Opinion • Opinion – A statement that expresses beliefs, feelings, and judgments. • Phrases begin with I believe, I think, probably, it seems to me, or in my opinion. • Statements often contain words such as might, could, should and ought. • Judgment words such as good, bad, poor, and satisfactory indicate an opinion.

  14. 6. Primary vs. Secondary Sources • Primary Source – First hand or original information that comes from a reliable source. Examples include eyewitness accounts, personal interviews, autobiographies, letters, diaries, scientific journals. • Secondary Source –Information that has been gathered and interpreted by more than one source. Examples include textbooks, encyclopedias, magazine articles, biographies, movie reviews.

  15. 7. Reference and Research on the FCAT • Components of the Test • Multiple Choice (MC) • Short Written Response (SR)* • Extended Written Response (ER)* * The short and extended response questions are referred to as Performance Tasks on the FCAT • Sample Reference and Research Questions • Test Taking Strategies

  16. Components of the TestMultiple Choice • The majority of the test will be multiple choice questions. • There will be four possible answers. • The four choices will be labeled A,B, C, D or F, G,H, I. • Each question is worth one point.

  17. Components of the TestShort Written Response (SR) • Short response questions: - Are identified by the following “Read, Think, Explain” symbol: - Should take about five minutes to answer. - Require at least two pieces of detail/information from the text to support the answer. - Can be awarded 0,1, or 2 points depending on how complete and accurate the response is.

  18. Components of the TestExtended Written Response (ER) • Extended Written Response Questions: - Are identified by the following “Read, Think, Explain” symbol: - Should take up to ten minutes to answer. - May require students to use more than one passage in order to answer the question. - Require more than two pieces of detail/information from the text to support the answer. - Can be awarded 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 points depending on how complete and accurate the response is.

  19. Test Taking Strategies Multiple Choice • ALWAYS read the questions before you start reading the passage so you’ll know what to look for. • If you think you know the answer, look to see if your answer is there. • Eliminate answers you know are incorrect. • Try to find a clue in the questions that will lead you to the correct answer. • If the question is too complicated, skip it and come back to it later. • ALWAYS answer every question. There is no penalty for guessing. You have a one in four chance of getting it correct!

  20. Test Taking Strategies - Short and Extended Written Response • ALWAYS read the questions before you start reading the passage. • Answer the question only using details and information from the passage. • You can paraphrase or use lines directly from the text to support your answer. • Use complete sentences and write legibly within the space provided. • Write something even if you aren’t sure if it is correct. You do not want to get a zero on a written response question.

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