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Growth of Trade and Towns

Growth of Trade and Towns. Barriers to trade during the Early Middle Ages Manors (Self-sufficient) Little Money (barter system) Poor Roads Few Bridges Feudal lords charged tolls for use of roads and bridges. Church (rules for business) A. “Just Price” (no profit allowed)

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Growth of Trade and Towns

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  1. Growth of Trade and Towns

  2. Barriers to trade during the Early Middle Ages • Manors (Self-sufficient) • Little Money (barter system) • Poor Roads • Few Bridges • Feudal lords charged tolls for use of roads and bridges. • Church (rules for business) • A. “Just Price” (no profit allowed) • B. Usury – Charging of interest

  3. Trade Routes Emerge Begin trading again first in Italy. Why? What about Italy made it a center for world trade?

  4. 1.Trading spread from Italy to Northern Europe along coastal shipping lanes 2. The Hanseatic League is formed. 3. Flanders becomes a center for trade

  5. The Crusades caused an increase in the demand for trade. Why? From Middle East Spices Cotton Medicine Linen Perfumes Ivory Dyes Gold Silk Silver From Europe Fur Timber Fish Wool Grain Leather Wine Weapons Oil Armour

  6. Markets and fairs emerged. How did this help Europe?

  7. Increased trade led for the need of more products = manufacturing Domestic System – All work done at home. Trader buys wool Sells product to highest bidder

  8. Increased trading leads to investment. People start building capital. Define “Capital” Why would the building of capital further improve the European economy?

  9. A “market economy” emerges – Land, Labor and Capital is controlled by individuals. What is a market economy?

  10. Changes in European society as a result of the growth of towns • Rights of townspeople 2. Guilds Form 3. Rise of the Middle Class

  11. Rights of Townspeople • Freedom – If no one challenged the status of a serf for a year and a day they became free. • Exempt Status – Did not have to perform services to the manor. • Town Justice – had their own courts. • commercial privileges – could sell products openly and freely.

  12. Guilds – Association of a group of people that have the same/similar trade. There were two types of Guilds that formed in the growing towns of Europe Merchants Guilds Craft Guilds

  13. Merchant Guild • 1. Exclusive right to trade in town. • 2. Outside merchants had to pay a fee to trade in town. • Charitable organizations • A. loans to members • B. supported widows and orphans of deceased members.

  14. Craft Guild • Set hours and conditions of labor • Regulated quality of work • Gave loans to members and charity • Stages • 1. Apprentice • 2. Journeyman • 3. Master

  15. Stages of Craft Guild 1. Apprentice - Age 7 parents sent boy to work with master and learn trade. (3-12 years) 2. Journeyman - Worked for daily wages. Became a master by submitting proof which would be judged by masters. 3. Master - could start own business

  16. Change in society The revival of the towns, the increase in trade and the formation of the Guilds caused a revolutionary change in European society.

  17. There arose in late Medieval Europe a new class, neither Noble nor Serf - one that would have a profound impact on human history from that time on…… The Middle Class

  18. Rise of the Middle Class Middle class was called burgesses in England and Burger in Germany. Why was the political power of the middle class increasing during this time period?

  19. Life in Medieval Towns 1. Pop. Ranged from 5,000-80,000 2. Construction

  20. 3. Extremely poor conditions A. Untreated Sewage B. Garbage in streets C. No police, private body guards. D. No lighting E. Lots of disease F. Animals roaming freely

  21. As the number, size and influence of the towns increased, the number of serfs decreased • 2. If the Serfs remained on the land and did not move to the cities, they had a market for their excess food. • 3. New and improved farming techniques and methods reduced the need for farmers. More serfs left the land and moved to the towns and cities where there was opportunity for freedom. Decline of Serfdom

  22. The Black Death

  23. Enter – THE RAT and the Bubonic Plague

  24. Discuss how the plague impacted the social, economic and religious institutions of Europe.

  25. Big Picture Questions 1. How did the growth of towns decrease the political power of nobles? 2. How did guilds help to improve the economy of Europe? 3. How did the growth of towns change the social structure? 4. Why did it take Europe 100 years to recover from the Black Plague?

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