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ENDO SKELETONS Animals can have internal or external skeletons - while some do not have a skeleton at all. Insects have an external skeleton made of chitin. Sharks have an internal skeleton made of cartilage, and humans have an internal skeleton made of cartilage and bone. Hinge joints and ball and socket joints are synovial joints. The biceps and triceps muscles act as an antagonistic pair to move the arm at the elbow. .. . . .
EXOS SKELETONS . An exoskeleton.is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeletons) of, for example, a human In popular usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as "shells". Examples of exoskeleton animals include insects such as grasshoppers and cockroaches and crustacean such as crabs and lobsters . The shells of the various groups of shelled molluscs, including those of snails, clams, tusk shells, chitins and nautilus, are also exoskeletons.
Joints There are 360 joints in the human body. There are 86 skull joints, six throat joints, 66 thorax joints, and 76 in your spine and pelvis. Also there are 32 in each upper limb and 31 in each lower limb. Two bones in our body meet to form a joint. Joints make our body flexible and to make movements. There are many different kinds of joints located in different parts of the body and responsible for different actions. These joints are Saddle joint, Pivot joint, Hinge joint, Fixed joint, Ellipsoidal joint, Ball and socket joint, Gliding joint, slightly movable joint and Spine joints.
muscles Smooth muscles — sometimes also called involuntary muscles — are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other. You can't control this type of muscle. Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do without you even thinking about it. You can't use your smooth muscles to make a muscle in your arm or jump into the air.
BALL AND SOCKET ball-and-socket joint, also called spheroidal joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint. It is most highly developed in the large shoulder and hip joints of mammals, including humans, in which it provides swing for the arms and legs in various directions and also spin of those limbs upon the more stationary bones.
HINGE A hinge joint, also called a ginglymus, is a joint that allows only backward and forward motion. A joint is the place where two bones articulate, or connect, usually to allow movement. The body has several types of joints which may be classified based on structure, function, biomechanical classification, and range of movement. Any given joint may fall under several of these categories. Hinge joint classification is based on range of motion. Hinge joints are so named because they resemble hinges, like one might find on a door. Some familiar examples of hinge joints are the elbow, which joins the humeruswith the ulna, and the knee, which joins the femur with the tibia. Like a door, these joints can move back and forth, but cannot swivel or move in any other directions.
VERTEBRATES Invertebrates are insects that don’t have a back bone.
