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The Excretory System

The Excretory System. Tyler Boswell, Leah Friedman, Pauline Hickey, Gray Louis, Yanni Konstantinidis. Urinary System. "An organ system that adjusts the volume and composition of blood, and thereby helps maintain extracellular fluid"1

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The Excretory System

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  1. The Excretory System Tyler Boswell, Leah Friedman, Pauline Hickey, Gray Louis, Yanni Konstantinidis

  2. Urinary System "An organ system that adjusts the volume and composition of blood, and thereby helps maintain extracellular fluid"1 1. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph E. Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. United states: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.

  3. Filtration2 • Kidney function: fluid portion of the blood leaves the blood vessels and enters the urinary system • Filtration occurs in glomeruli [main filter of the nephron] • Blood pressure forces plasma [liquid portion of the blood] through the capillary walls in the glomerulus to remove impurities. • The plasma contains water, glucose, amino acids, and urea.  • osmosis and active transport • Blood cells and proteins are too large to pass through • so they stay in the blood.  • The remaining fluid ["filtrate"] enters the renal tubule 2. "Excretory System-Excretion In Humans." Science.jrank.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. <science.jrank.org/pages/2626/Excretory-System-Excretion-in-humans.html>.      

  4. Factors that Affect Filtration • Rate of blood flow through kidneys affect amount of blood filtered  • Exercise causes the nervous system to divert above-normal amounts of blood away from kidneys and towards heart and skeletal muscles • Cells in walls of arterioles vasoconstrict when blood pressure decreases, causing less blood to flow in (and vice-versa when they vasodilate) 1. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph E. Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. United states: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.

  5. Tubular Reabsorption2 • Kidney function • substances in the filtrate travel back into the bloodstream • occurs in the renal tubules. • glucose and other nutrients, water, and essential ions pass out of the renal tubules then enter the surrounding capillaries • usually 100% of glucose is reabsorbed.   • involves diffusion, osmosis, and active transport • The waste-containing fluid remaining = urine.  2. "Excretory System-Excretion In Humans." Science.jrank.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. <science.jrank.org/pages/2626/Excretory-System-Excretion-in-humans.html>.

  6. Secretion2 • Kidney function • passage of certain substances out of the capillaries and into the renal tubules • active transport • puts waste materials into the urine 2. "Excretory System-Excretion In Humans." Science.jrank.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. <science.jrank.org/pages/2626/Excretory-System-Excretion-in-humans.html>.

  7. Homeostasis? • When there is too much water or too many ions (sodium, calcium, potassium) in the blood, the kidneys pass these out in the urine. • When there is too little water or ions in the blood, the kidneys reclaim such substances from the urine.

  8. Concentration Gradients • Higher concentration of ions or water in the blood -> lower concentration in urine       (ions/water diffuse into urine) • Higher concentration of ions or water in the urine -> lower concentration of ions or water in the blood       (ions/water diffuse into blood)

  9. Kidney 1 •  Blood enters Kidney through renal artery and exits through renal vein • Filters the water and blood in the body • Kidney's filter mineral ions and organic waste • Produce Urine • Urine= Solution of water and solutes found in excess amounts in the bloodstream.  • Site of the Nephrons 1. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph E. Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. United states: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006.

  10. Nephrons 3 • Glomerulus- Blood is filtered in this part of the Nephron from the blood vessel • Renal Tubule- Vitamins, Water, Minerals are reabsorbed into blood stream • Loop of Henle- Water is reabsorbed by Osmosis and later salt by active transport • Distal Convoluted Tubule- Blood secretes ammonia, uric acid, and hydrogen ions are secreted into the nephron • Collecting Duct-waste is collected and proceeds to the ureter         3. Hayashi, Alicia. "YouTube - Function of the Nephron." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.4 Nov. 2006. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glu0dzK4dbU>.

  11. The Urinary Highway

  12. The Urinary System

  13. Bibliography Starr, Cecie, and Ralph E. Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. United states: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006."Excretory System-Excretion In Humans." Science.jrank.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. <science.jrank.org/pages/2626/Excretory-System-Excretion-in-humans.html>.Hayashi, Alicia. "YouTube - Function of the Nephron." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.4 Nov. 2006. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glu0dzK4dbU>.Farabee, M. J. "Excretory System." Estrella Mountain Community College. 18 May 2010. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookexcret.html>."YouTube - Learn Human Body - Urinary System." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 17 Nov. 2008. Web. 09 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7m5IyzQzAM&feature=related>.

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