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The Excretory System

The Excretory System. Functions. Excretion - Filtering metabolic wastes Wastes Excess salts Carbon Dioxide Urea – produced when amino acids are used for energy. Skin. Sweat Excess water, salt, small amounts of urea. Lungs. Excrete CO 2 when energy is produced by the mitochondria.

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The Excretory System

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  1. The Excretory System

  2. Functions • Excretion - Filtering metabolic wastes • Wastes • Excess salts • Carbon Dioxide • Urea – produced when amino acids are used for energy

  3. Skin • Sweat • Excess water, salt, small amounts of urea

  4. Lungs • Excrete CO2 when energy is produced by the mitochondria

  5. Liver • Converts amino acids to useful compounds • Produces urea as waste

  6. Kidneys • Remove waste products from the blood • Maintain blood pH • Regulate water content of blood

  7. Urinary System

  8. The Urinary Organs: • Kidneys: filters that take waste out of the blood and make urine

  9. The Urinary Organs: • Ureters: tubes that carry urine to the bladder

  10. The Urinary Organs: • Bladder: a muscular bag that collects urine

  11. The Urinary Organs: • Urethra: a tube that carries urine out of the body

  12. Kidneys

  13. Kidney Regions Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Renal Pelvis

  14. Blood Flow • Waste-laden blood enters kidneys through the renal artery • Clean filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein

  15. Glomerulus Nephron • Structural units of the kidney • Over 1,000,000 in each kidney! • 3 cm long • 0.03 mm wide • Filter the blood • Reabsorb water, glucose, and salt

  16. Nephron Glomerulus Bowman’s Capsule Loop of Henle

  17. Filtration • Blood pressure forces blood through the glomerulus • All blood is filtered every 45 minutes

  18. Filtration • Filtrate • Water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and some vitamins • Proteins, cells, and platelets are too large to pass through and remain in the blood

  19. Reabsorption • Most of the filtrate reenters the blood • Active transport • Amino acids, fats, glucose • Osmosis – 99% of water reabsorbed

  20. Urine • Forms in Kidneys • Loop of Henle • Made up of urea, excess salts, and water • Concentration variation • Kidney  Ureter  Bladder

  21. Bladder • Hollow muscular organ • Flexible cells • Nerves tell the brain when the bladder is full. • After 200 ml have accumulated • After 1 minute reflex subsides • Holds approximately 500 ml

  22. Kidney Disease Healthy Diseased

  23. Dialysis • http://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/site/HDanim.php

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