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The Excretory System

Learn about how the excretory system functions to filter wastes like urea and excess salts, and the crucial role of organs like kidneys, liver, and skin in maintaining internal balance.

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The Excretory System

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  1. The Excretory System

  2. Functions • Excretion - Filtering metabolic wastes • Wastes • Excess salts • Carbon Dioxide • Urea – produced when amino acids are used for energy

  3. Skin • Sweat • Excess water, salt, small amounts of urea

  4. Lungs • Excrete CO2 when energy is produced by the mitochondria

  5. Liver • Converts amino acids to useful compounds • Produces urea as waste

  6. Kidneys • Remove waste products from the blood • Maintain blood pH • Regulate water content of blood

  7. Urinary System

  8. The Urinary Organs: • Kidneys: filters that take waste out of the blood and make urine

  9. The Urinary Organs: • Ureters: tubes that carry urine to the bladder

  10. The Urinary Organs: • Bladder: a muscular bag that collects urine

  11. The Urinary Organs: • Urethra: a tube that carries urine out of the body

  12. Kidneys

  13. Kidney Regions Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Renal Pelvis

  14. Blood Flow • Waste-laden blood enters kidneys through the renal artery • Clean filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein

  15. Glomerulus Nephron • Structural units of the kidney • Over 1,000,000 in each kidney! • 3 cm long • 0.03 mm wide • Filter the blood • Reabsorb water, glucose, and salt

  16. Nephron Glomerulus Bowman’s Capsule Loop of Henle

  17. Filtration • Blood pressure forces blood through the glomerulus • All blood is filtered every 45 minutes

  18. Filtration • Filtrate • Water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and some vitamins • Proteins, cells, and platelets are too large to pass through and remain in the blood

  19. Reabsorption • Most of the filtrate reenters the blood • Active transport • Amino acids, fats, glucose • Osmosis – 99% of water reabsorbed

  20. Urine • Forms in Kidneys • Loop of Henle • Made up of urea, excess salts, and water • Concentration variation • Kidney  Ureter  Bladder

  21. Bladder • Hollow muscular organ • Flexible cells • Nerves tell the brain when the bladder is full. • After 200 ml have accumulated • After 1 minute reflex subsides • Holds approximately 500 ml

  22. Kidney Disease Healthy Diseased

  23. Dialysis • http://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/site/HDanim.php

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