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The Excretory System

The Excretory System. SBI 4U January 7 th , 2012. The Excretory System (In brief). Main function: to concentrate wastes and expel them from the body . 2 nd function – to regulate fluids and water within the body Wastes are highly toxic and if not excreted, they can seriously harm you!.

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The Excretory System

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  1. The Excretory System SBI 4U January 7th, 2012

  2. The Excretory System(In brief) • Main function: to concentrate wastes and expel them from the body. 2nd function – to regulate fluids and water within the body • Wastes are highly toxic and if not excreted, they can seriously harm you!

  3. The Human Excretory System • The excretory systems of all vertebrates, including humans, use specialized tubules called nephrons • Nephrons – regulate water balance and conduct excretion • The Human Excretory system consists of: • The kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

  4. Kidneys • Function: removal of wastes, balancing blood pH and maintaining body’s water balance • Blood with waste comes through renal artery  kidney cleanses blood  cleansed blood leaves through renal veins

  5. Kidneys • Renal cortex: outer layer of kidney • Medulla: inner layer • Renal pelvis: hollow cavity. Connects kidney to ureter • Urine passes through ureter to the urinary bladder • Once urinary bladder is full, urine exits the body through the urethra

  6. Nephrons • Specialized tubules – functional unit of the kidney • Differentiated into regions • Bowman’s capsule: encircles a group of capillaries (the glomerulus) • Blood supplied to glomerulus by afferent arteriole and after filtration, blood exits via efferent arteriole

  7. Nephrons • Blood from efferent arteriole is sent to the peritubular capillaries • Peritubular capillaries surround tubules and allow for reabsorption of essential ions • Unfiltered blood passes from glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule and enters proximal convoluted tubule(in renal cortex)

  8. Nephrons • Proximal convoluted tubule forms a U-shaped structure called the Loop of Henle, ascending into the distal convoluted tubule • The distal tubule drains the urine into a system of collecting ducts that lead to the renal pelvis • Renal pelvis empties urine into the ureter to the bladder

  9. Anatomy of the kidney continued … • Bowman’s capsule, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole – located in the cortex of the kidney • Ascending & descending loop of Henle – located in the medulla of the kidney • Collecting duct, peritubular capillaries, proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule span both area (cortex and medulla)

  10. Homework • Read section: 7.4 • Page: 348, questions: 2 & 3 • First homeostasis quiz next week insha Allah!

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