1 / 16

Ch. 11

Ch. 11. Intro to Genetics!!! We have Arrived!. Genetics. Genetics- study of heredity Punnett Squares Human Genetics Pedigree Blood Typing Forensics. Gregor mendel. Gregor Mendel - Austrian Monk, 1850’s Studied pea plants Father of Genetics

fabrizio-bellew
Download Presentation

Ch. 11

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ch. 11 Intro to Genetics!!! We have Arrived!

  2. Genetics • Genetics- study of heredity • Punnett Squares • Human Genetics • Pedigree • Blood Typing • Forensics

  3. Gregormendel • Gregor Mendel- Austrian Monk, 1850’s • Studied pea plants • Father of Genetics • Lived in a monastery and studied to be a priest

  4. Monohybrid crosses Genotype Phenotype homozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous The type of experiment that Mendel carried out, investigating just a single characteristic, is called a monohybrid cross. There are two alleles controlling pea shape. This means there are three possible genotypes that the F2 generation of plants could inherit, leading to two possible phenotypes. SS smooth ww wrinkly Sw smooth The likelihood of a trait being produced during a monohybrid cross can be mapped out using a Punnett Square.

  5. Heredity- passing of genes from parent to offspring. • Traits- characteristics that can be passed from parent to offspring. • Examples • Tongue rolling • Widows peak • Earlobes • Hitchhikers Thumb • Bent Little Finger • Dimples

  6. Genes- part of the chromosome that contains the hereditary information. • Sexual Reproduction- two parents give genetic material to produce offspring that is genetically different from the parents. • Advantages of Sexual Reproduction • Genetic variation/diversity • More likely to survive environmental change

  7. 11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles • Genes Affecting Traits • Phenotype- traits that are shown. • Genotype- genetic composition for a trait.

  8. 2 Types of Genes • Dominant- Gene that is expressed when present. Blocks out a recessive gene. Represented by capital letters. • Recessive- Gene that is not expressed when in the presence of a dominant gene. Represented by lower case letters.

  9. Homozygous & Heterozygous • Homozygous- identical pair of genes for a trait. • Heterozygous- mixed pair of genes for a trait. • Homozygous Dominant- RR • Homozygous Recessive- rr • Heterozygous- Rr • *LETTERS DO NOT MATTER. ANY LETTER CAN BE USED

  10. Punnett Square- predicts the probability that certain traits will be inherited by offspring.

  11. Punnett Square Ratios Genotypic RatioPhenotypic Ratio • ______% Homozygous ______% • Dominant • ______% Heterozygous ______% • ______% Homozygous • Recessive

  12. Polygenic Traits- traits affected by more than one gene which leads to mixtures. • Example- Hair Color, Eye Color, Skin Color, Height

  13. Special Genes Multiple Alleles- more than one form of a gene for a trait. Ex. Blood types. Practice Problems

  14. Sex-Linked Traits- traits caused by genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. • Ex. Color Blindness, Pattern Baldness, Hemophilia • Why Males are affected more than females • X chromosome is larger than Y chromosome so it holds more genes. Both X’s must have gene to be expressed in females whereas only one X in a male must have gene to be expressed. • Polygenic Traits- traits affected by more than one gene which leads to mixtures. • Example- Hair Color, Eye Color, Skin Color, Height

More Related