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Psychology and Success

Psychology and Success. Chapter 1 “ What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher. McGraw-Hill. © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Learning Objectives. Define success.

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Psychology and Success

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  1. Psychology and Success Chapter 1 “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, Philosopher McGraw-Hill © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

  2. Learning Objectives • Define success. • List several personal qualities that help people to be happy. • Define psychology and cite its four major goals. • Explain the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and actions. • Define self, self-image, and identity. • Describe the components of identity.

  3. What do we mean by perspectives? Sensation? Perception?

  4. What did you see there?

  5. What is the difference between sensation and perception?

  6. What do you see?

  7. An Interesting Afterimage Illusion

  8. Understanding Psychology • Psychology Scientific study of human behavior. • Behavior Anything that you think, feel or do. • Goals of Psychology Describe, predict, explain, and (in some cases) change human behavior. Success Secret • Studying psychology helps you understand yourself and others.

  9. Explaining Human Behavior Why do people think, feel and act the way they do? • Nervous system Regulates thoughts, feelings and actions. • Conscious Mind The part of the brain that controls the mental processes of which we are aware. • Subconscious Mind The part of the brain that controls the mental processes of which we are not actively aware.

  10. Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions • Cognition (thought) Mental processing of information in any form. • Includes: perceiving, recognizing, remembering, reasoning, solving problems, making decisions, forming concepts, visualizing. • Emotion (feeling) Subjective feeling accompanied by physical and behavioral changes. Personal Journal 1.2 Your Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions

  11. PsychologyThe science & study of human behavior…including the underlying processes that cause behavior……both physiological & mental…

  12. We study those psychological (mental, emotional, social) and physiological processes that underlie human behavior! Clinical Psychology study focused on diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Adjustment focuses on adapting to the changes in one’s environment ,thus the psychological processes that allow people to manage and cope within the demands of everyday life!

  13. Research!Especially empirical study*and clinical observations! How do we know what we know? *the scientific method Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Hutchens, 2000

  14. What is an OBSERVATION?What you measure, see, count, time, etc. An observation is an event, even a little one.. What are VARIABLES ? CHARACTERISTICS! Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Hutchens, 2000

  15. Look for the DEPENDENT** & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES **What was MEASURED! HOW to understand research?

  16. A TRUE experiment is a research method where one variable (IV) is manipulated to see if there is a change in another variable (DV). • The independent variable is the thing that someone actively controls/changes; while the dependent variable is the thing that changes as a result. In other words, the independent variable is the “presumed cause,” while dependent variable is the “presumed effect” of the independent variable.

  17. What is Success? Success: a lifetime of personal fulfillment. Success Secrets • Success is a journey, not a destination. • Money and fame don’t equal success. Activity 1: What Success Means to You

  18. Ingredients of Success 1. Self-Awareness Appreciating your personal values, qualities, skills and interests. 2. Self-Direction Setting a goal and working toward it. 3. Self-Esteem Respecting oneself. 4. Positive Thinking Focusing on future possibilities to propel yourself toward your goals.

  19. Ingredients of Success continued… 5. Self-Discipline Daily personal effort putting your plans into action. 6. Self-Motivation Getting and staying motivated. Moving forward despite fears. 7. Positive Relationships Healthy relationships with friends, family, and co-workers. Personal Journal 1.1 Ingredients of Success

  20. Who is a Success? • In society, it is not always obvious who are truly successful people. • Role Model Person who has qualities you would like to have. Success Secrets • Always make time for relationships. • Adults need role models, too. Activity 2: Role Model

  21. NeobehaviorismAKASocial Learning Theory Proponent – Albert Bandura Do you know the “Bobo study”? Observational learning occurs vicariously, “watch and learn…”

  22. Social Learning Theory • 2 Processes: • IMITATION & OBSERVATION • Modeling • Increased by the degree to which the observer can identify with the model • What does that mean for the MEDIA , SPORTS figures, etc. • models? Wadsworth, Thomson Learning Hutchens, 2000

  23. Personality includes Self-Efficacy SOURCES of its development: 1. Outcomes - consequences of your behavior - “reinforcement!” 2. Vicarious – comparison of YOUR own skills as compared to others’ (observation?) 3. Persuasion - “Others say that you...” can? can’t? 4. Emotive - how you FEEL…”I think I can I think I can; I think I can …” Hutchens, 2000

  24. Social-Learning Theory • Modeling: The social-learning process by which behavior is observed and imitated • Locus of Control: The expectancy that one’s reinforcements are generally controlled by internal or external factors • Self-Efficacy: The belief that one is capable of performing the behaviors required to produce a desired outcome.

  25. Reciprocal Determinism • Personality emerges from the mutual interactions of individuals, their actions, and their environments Person factors (cognitive) Overt Behavior Environmental influences (Situation)

  26. CONSEQUENCES • Reinforcement • Punishment • That which • increases or maintains the frequencyof a behavior. • That which decreases the frequency of a behavior. Hutchens, 2000

  27. Success and Happiness • Happiness The natural experience of winning your self-respect and the respect of others. • Outside factors—wealth, youth, physical attractiveness, etc., have little effect on happiness. Success Secret • Create your own opportunities for happiness. Activity 3: How Happy Are You?

  28. The search? • Enlightenment programs • E.g., “est,” Scientology, Silva Mind Control • Organized groups • Cult-type ideology • Dangers apparent in Heaven’s Gate • Security and belongingness are keys to involvement • Established Religious Groups • E.g., Promise Keepers • Public “counsel” • E.g., Dear Abby, Dr. Phil, etc. • Self-improvement strategies • E.g., self-help media

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