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These are real photos from a dating website. Were they born male or female?. Martha or Arthur?. Boy or girl? The differences between the sexes Intersex Transgender Transexual. Sex = body’s anatomy and physiological working Gender = social force that molds behaviour.
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These are real photos from a dating website. Were they born male or female?
Martha or Arthur? • Boy or girl? • The differences between • the sexes • Intersex • Transgender • Transexual Sex = body’s anatomy and physiological working Gender = social force that molds behaviour.
What defines sex? There are 4 ways that sex can be defined in medicine, law and social interactions: Genitals Gonads (internal sex organs) Chromosomes A sense of being a man or woman
When is a woman not a woman • Infertile? • Doesn’t want children? • Flat chested? • Facial hair? • Looks manly? • Has a ‘manly’ job
When is a man not a man? • Infertile • Small penis • Wears women’s clothes? • Penis is lost in accident • Breasts
Are Gender Roles Fixed? Consider: (a) Childbearing (b) Child rearing (c) Wearing trousers (d) Preparing meals (e) Going out to work (f) Cleaning the toilet (g) Car maintenance (h) Fighting (i) Getting drunk with mates
Are there brain differences in male and females? Right Brain: emotion, relationships, music Left Brain: language, math, reasoning
Mental abilities • No difference in IQ • Verbal abilities • Mathematical abilities
Personality traits • Emotional sensitivity . • Compliance and dependency • Depression • Aggression
So how many sexes? XX girl XY boy XX boy XY girl and more
Sadly David Reimer committed suicide on May 4, 2004. He was 38.
The third sex • 1.7% of all births • If an intersex baby (hermaphrodites) is born a state of medical emergency and before 24hrs a child must have a sex. • Most of these are XX Female born with masculine genitalia .
Genetic female always raised as female to preserve reproduction. Genetic male has gender reassignment based on size of penis.
Famous women with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. XY. Joan of Arc - descriptions of the 'maid' are appropriate, also she was twice intimately examined to verify she was indeed a woman but apparently never menstruated. Queen Elizabeth I - it's suggested that contemporary descriptions of the 'virgin queen's' appearance, personality, behaviour, and the physical defects which her contemporaries believed made her sterile and unwilling to marry, all strongly imply a form of AIS. Jamie Lee Curtis is rumoured to have Testicular feminization, or more properly called androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), causes a genotypic male to 'become' a female.
Caster Semenya Winner of the 800m at the Athletics World Championships in Berlin
Cultural examples of intersex or transgender people Thialand ladyboys (katoey) India Hijra (eunuchs) Siberia in Chukchi tribe have 9 genders North American Two-spirits Polynesian Mahu, Muxe of Mexico Mukhannathun Islam Sworn virgin Balkans and catholics Waria Indonesia 1700 AD in England: the male sodomite
People who cross gender boundaries • Transsexual people • Transgender people: Transvestite men Drag queens
Transvestites or drag queens? RuPaul Kumar Boy George
Martha or Arthur summary What is sex? How many sexes? Is sex fixed? What is gender? Is gender fixed?