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Two Nations Live on the Edge. EQ: What events led to tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the 1950’s?. Brinksmanship. John Foster Dulles Liberate all nations under Soviet control Confront the Soviets to brink of war Threat of massive retaliation. CIA Covert Operations. Iran
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Two Nations Live on the Edge EQ: What events led to tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the 1950’s?
Brinksmanship • John Foster Dulles • Liberate all nations under Soviet control • Confront the Soviets to brink of war • Threat of massive retaliation
CIA Covert Operations • Iran • 1951: oil fields nationalized • CIA overthrew Mosaddeq • Shah Reza Pahlavi to power • Guatemala • 1954: land seized by gov’t • United Fruit Company • CIA overthrew Arbenz • Installed new pro-US leader
Warsaw Pact • Eastern European communist countries • Response to NATO “Together we are invincible”
Crisis in the Suez • Diplomacy • Nasser seized canal in 1955 • Attacks by Israel, Britain, France in 1956 • UN forced troops to withdraw
Hungarian Uprising • 1956 – Khrushchev denounced Stalin • October – Hungarians took over government • Crushed by Soviets • No American intervention
Hydrogen Bomb • 1000x more powerful than atomic bombs • 1952 – test vaporized pacific island • Soviets tested own H-bomb 9 months later…
Sputnik • Launched October 1957 • US behind in tech development • Fear of the skies
Reactions to Sputnik National Defense Education Act
U-2 Incident • Francis Gary Powers shot down over Soviet Union • U-2 spy plane captured • American denials • Powers admitted mission • Thaw in Cold War over