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Chapter 26 – Section 4: Two Nations Live on the Edge

Chapter 26 – Section 4: Two Nations Live on the Edge. v s. Progression of Nuclear Technology. United States detonates H-Bomb in November of 1952 Soviets detonate their H-Bomb in August of 1953 The Nuclear Arms Race now starts Make as many “bombs” as fast as you can.

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Chapter 26 – Section 4: Two Nations Live on the Edge

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  1. Chapter 26 – Section 4:Two Nations Live on the Edge vs.

  2. Progression of Nuclear Technology • United States detonates H-Bomb in November of 1952 • Soviets detonate their H-Bomb in August of 1953 • The Nuclear Arms Race now starts • Make as many “bombs” as fast as you can

  3. The Policy of Brinksmanship • Eisenhower is POTUS in 1952 • John Foster Dulles is his Secretary of State • Felt we could stop the spread of communism by promising use of force • Brinksmanship is being prepared to go to the brink of an all out nuclear war • Schools now practice air-raid drills • People build bomb and fallout shelters

  4. Massive Nuclear Retaliation • Ike proposes a “new look” policy of containment • Relies on massive retaliation • We now start testing “bombs” like crazy • Nuclear buildup has economic roots • Nuclear proliferation is cheaper • Other countries get in on the nuclear game • France and Great Britain

  5. What is MAD? • MAD is mutually assured destruction • If both sides attack with nuclear weapons there will be no victor • Only widespread destruction • Emerges from the ideas of deterrence • If the only option is MAD we won’t use “bombs” • Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb

  6. Nuclear Accidents Abound • In April of 1950 a B-29 crashes with a “bomb” • In March of 1956 a B-27 crashes into the sea with a “bomb” • In 1958 an atomic bomb slips out of a B-47 and crushes a house • Similar event in New Mexico with an H-Bomb • We now begin to question our policies • Are brinksmanship and MAD good ideas?

  7. Thinking the Unthinkable • In 1960 Herman Kahn writes Thinking about the Unthinkable • Nuclear war is winnable • We must accept losses of 40 million people • Stock an underground system with elite people • Other groups challenge the testing of “bombs” • Finding elevated radioactivity in babies teeth

  8. Eisenhower and the CIA • In Iran in 1951 Mossadegh nationalizes oil • Britain stops buying their oil • CIA gives millions to pro-Shah supporters • In Guatemala in 1954 land is redistributed • CIA trains an army and invades • Guatemalan army refuses to defend president

  9. The Warsaw Pact and Geneva • Tensions thaw a little after Stalin’s death • Tensions freeze again when West Germany is allowed to rearm • USSR and seven countries form the Warsaw Pact • Eisenhower meets with Soviet leaders at Geneva • He proposes an “open skies” policy • Policy rejected but seen as a step towards peace

  10. Israel: Creating a New Nation • Nation of Israel is created from Palestine • Gave Jewish people their holy land • One of the few issues we agree with Soviet Union on • Both saw the horrible tragedies of the Holocaust • Angered Palestinian Arabs and Muslims • Still see this tension today

  11. The Suez War • In 1955 Egypt wants to dam the Nile • Nasser of Egypt plays both USSR and USA • Dulles pulls our money when he finds out • Nasser nationalizes the canal • Refused to let Israeli ships through • UN gets involved to stop the fighting • Egypt retains control of the Suez Canal

  12. Revolt in Hungary! • An uprising breaks out in Hungary in 1956 • Led by Imre Nagy • The Soviet response is quick and brutal • November 1956 • Kill 30,000 Hungarians • What about the Truman Doctrine? • Didn’t apply to ridding communism from satellite states

  13. Space: The Final Frontier • Nikita Khrushchev will seize power in USSR • Peaceful coexistence • Soviet Union jumps to an early space lead • Sputnik is launched in October of 1957 • United States now throws money at NASA • Launch our first satellite on January 31, 1958 • Fund education in math and sciences

  14. Cold War Takes to the Skies: The U-2 Incident • “Open skies” policy had been rejected • We fly secret, high altitude missions of USSR • We use the U-2 plane for this • Soviets had been aware of our flights since 1958 • Lacked the technology to stop them • Ike wishes to stop the flights • Upcoming summit with Khrushchev

  15. Cold War Takes to the Skies: The U-2 Incident • May 1st, 1960 – Gary Francis Powers is shot down • Shot down by a surface to air missile • Parachutes to the ground and is captured • Sentenced to ten years in prison in USSR • Released in prisoner exchange in 18 months • Eisenhower denies that we were spying • Says we were studying the weather • Eventually admits it but refuses to apologize

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