Lecture-8/ T. Nouf Almujally

1. Data Resource Management Section2 “Managing Data Resources” Chapter 5 Lecture-8/ T. NoufAlmujally

2. Outline • Section 2: Managing Data Resources • Data Resource Management • Types of Databases • Data Warehouses and Data Mining • Traditional File Processing (not required) • The Database Management Approach

3. Data Resource Management • Organizations and their managers need to practice Data resource management whichis a managerial activity that applies IS’s technologies like data management, data warehousing, and other data management tools to the organization's data resources to meet the information needs of business stakeholders

4. Types of Databases • There are several major types of databases: • Operational DB’s. • Distributed DB’s. • External DB’s. • Hypermedia DB’s.

5. Operational Databases Stores detailed data needed to supportbusinesses and operations of a company Also called subject area databases (SADB), transaction databases, andproduction databases Database examples:customer, human resource, inventory , and other databases containing data generated by business operations.

6. Operational Databases Examples of operational DB’s that can be created and managed for a small business by microcomputer database management software like Microsoft Access

7. Distributed Databases • Many organizations replicate and distribute copies or parts of DB’s to network servers at multiple locations. • Distributed databases can reside on network servers on the WWW, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company networks. • Distributed databases may be copies of operational, hypermedia or any other type of database. • Ensuring that the data in an organization’s distributed database are consistently and concurrently updated is a major challenge.

8. Protection of valuable data (Storage requirement) Data can be distributed into smaller databases Each location has control of its local data All locations can access any data, anywhere improved database performance at end-user worksites Maintaining data accuracy The extra computing power and bandwidth necessary to access multiple DB’s in multiple locations. Distributed Databases Advantages Disadvantages

9. External Databases Databases available with or without charge from the WWW, or from commercial online services Hypermedia databases Statistical databases Bibliographic andfull-text databases Search engines like Google or Yahooare external databases

10. Hypermedia Databases • The rapid growth of web sites on the Internet , intranets and extranets has dramatically increased the use of databases of hypertext and hypermedia documents. • A web site stores such information in a  hypermedia database which consists of interrelated hypermedia page multimedia elements (text, graphic and photographic images, video clips, audio segments .. ) rather than interrelated data records Act as a DBMS to manage the transfer of hypermedia files

11. Data Warehouses Stores static data that has been extracted fromother databases (operational, external ….. ) in an organization It is a central source of data that have been cleaned,transformed, and cataloged Data is used for data mining, analytical processing, , research, decision support Data warehouses may be divided into data marts Hold subsets of data that focus on specific aspects of a company ( Ex. department or process)

12. Data Warehouse Components 1 2 3

13. Applications and Data Marts A data warehouse and its data mart subsets hold data that have been extracted from various databases for business analysis, market research, decision support, and data mining applications

14. Data Mining • Data mining is a major use of data warehouse database and the static data they contain. • The Data in data warehouses are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends in historical business activity. • This analysis can be used to help managers make decisions about strategic changes in business to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace. • Data mining software uses advanced pattern recognition algorithms and a variety of mathematical and statistical techniques

15. Data Mining • For example, many companies use data mining to: • Market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles • Find root cause of manufacturing problems • Acquire new customers • Cross-sell to existing customers

16. The Database Management Approach  Database management involves the use of database management software to control how databases are created, searched, and maintained to provide information that end users need. The database management approach Consolidates data records held in separate files, into databases Data in the DB can be accessed by many different application programs A database management system (DBMS) is the software interface between users and databases

17. Database Management Approach An example of a database management approach in a Banking information system DBMS allows a user to make direct ad hoc interrogations of the database

18. Database Management System (DBMS) • Is the main SW tool of the DB management approach. • The three major functions of a DBMS are: 1- Database Development : Create new databases and database applications 2- Database Maintenance: Maintain the quality of the data in an organization’s databases 3- Data Interrogation: Use the databases of an organization to provide the information needed by end users • Microcomputer DBMS packages allow you to setup and manage DB on your PC, NW server, or the WWW. • In mainframe and server computer systems, the DBMS is an important system SW package that controls the development, use , and maintenance of the organizations DB. • Ex. Oracle 10g, MySQL , DB2

19. DBMS Major Functions

20. Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL DBMS

21. Database Management System • Database Development • Defining and organizing the content, relationships, and structure of the data needed to build a database

22. No difficult programming required Immediate response to ad hoc data requests Quickly specifya format for information you want to presentas a report Database Interrogation • End users can use DBMS by asking for information from a DB. End User Makes DBMS Query QueryLanguage Report Generator Response is a video displayor a printed report

23. Database Interrogation • SQL Queries • SQL or (Structured Query Language). • Is an international standard query language found in many DBMS packages. • Is the language structure used to “ask the DB a question”. • The basic form of a SQL Query is SELECT…FROM…WHERE…

24. It is difficult to correctly phrase SQL andother database language search queries Most end-user DBMS packages offer GUI point-and-click methods, which are easier to use Translates queries into SQL commands Other packages are available that use Natural language query statements similar to conversational English Database Interrogation Graphical and Natural Queries

25. Microsoft Access Query Wizard

26. Database Maintenance Database Maintenance • Accomplished by transaction processing systems and other end-user applications, with the support of the DBMS to add, delete, update, and correct the data in a database. • Done to reflect new business transactions and other events.

27. Application Development • End-users, system analysts and application developers can use programming language or built-in SW development tools provided by DBMS to develop custom application programs. • For example you can use a DBMS to develop the data entry screens, forms, reports of a business application that access a company database to find and update the data it needs. • DBMS makes the job of application software developers easier, because they do not have to develop procedures using conventional programming languages every time they write a program.

28. Questions ..

29. Resources .. • Read from Chapter 5 (Section 2)