10 March 2014

1. 10 March 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer This begins the next section of course material for the fourth quarter. The next test will not be until after we return from Spring Break on 10 April. That test will cover 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, and 14.5 We will have a section on Human Impact, which is not in the text. Define these words Habitat – Niche – Predation – Parasitism– Invasive species – Non-native species – Biodiversity –

2. What are the scientific names of the green and brown anole? 2. Which is the invasive species?

3. 3. What happened to the native lizard’s niche? 4. What happened/will happen over time to our local biodiversity? 5. Is this a model system for competition?

4. What are the red structures? What type of relationship is occurring here?

5. Resource availability gives structure to a community. • Species can share habitats and resources. • Competition occurs when two species use resources in the same way. • Competitive exclusion keeps two species from occupying the same niche.

6. KEY CONCEPT Every organism has a habitat and a niche.

7. A habitat differs from a niche. • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. • biotic factors • abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. • food • abiotic conditions • behavior

8. One species is better suited to the niche and the other will either be pushed out or become extinct. • The niche will be divided. • The two species will further diverge. • Competitive exclusion has different outcomes.

9. Madagascar South America • Ecological equivalents are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions.

10. KEY CONCEPT Organisms interact as individuals and as populations.

11. Competition and predation are two important ways inwhich organisms interact. • Competition occurs when two organisms fight for thesame limited resource. • Intraspecificcompetition • Interspecificcompetition

12. Predation occurs when one organism captures and eats another.

13. Mutualism: both organisms benefit • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships.

14. Commensalism Human Our eyelashes are home to tiny mites that feast on oil secretions and dead skin. Without harming us, up to 20 mites may be living in one eyelash follicle. Ø Demodicids Eyelash mites find all they need to survive in the tiny follicles of eyelashes. Magnified here 225 times, these creatures measure 0.4 mm in length and can be seen only with a microscope. + Ø + Organism is not affected Organism benefits • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. • Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed

15. + Braconid wasp Braconid larvae feed on their host and release themselves shortly before reaching the pupae stage of development. + Parasitism _ Hornworm caterpillar The host hornworm will eventually die as its organs are consumed by wasp larvae. _ Organism benefits Organism is harmed • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. • Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed +

16. There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. • Parasitism meet their needs as ectoparasites (such as leeches) and endopaasites (such as hookworms)

17. 11 March 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Define these words Competition – Population density – Immigration – Emigration – Carrying capacity – Limiting factors –

18. This species is highly invasive.[3] In its introduced range, it reaches exceptionally high population densities, is capable of expanding its range very quickly, and both outcompetes and consumes many species of native lizards.[4][5][6] The brown anole's introduction into the United States in the early 1970s[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_anole 5. Campbell, T.S. 2000. Analysis of the effects of an exotic lizard (Anolissagrei) on a native lizard (Anoliscarolinensis) in Florida, using islands as experimental units. PhD Thesis, Univ. of Tennessee. 6. Gerber, G.P. and Echternacht, A.C. 2000. Evidence for asymmetrical intraguild predation between native and introduced Anolis lizards. Oecologia 124: 599-607. 7. R.D. and Patti Bartlett (2013). "Choosing a Brown Anole" PetPlacedot com. Retrieved 2013-01-16.

19. Changes in a population’s size are determined by immigration, births, emigration, and deaths. • The size of a population is always changing. • Four factors affect the size of a population. • immigration • births • emigration • deaths

20. Population growth is based on available resources. • Exponential growth is a rapid population increase due to an abundance of resources.

21. Logistic growth is due to a population facing limited resources.

22. A population crash is a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time. • Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.

23. Ecological factors limit population growth. • A limiting factor is something that keeps the size of a population down. • Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area.

24. Density-dependent limiting factors are affected by the number of individuals in a given area. • predation • competition • parasitism and disease

25. Density-independent limiting factors limit a population’s growth regardless of the density. • unusual weather • natural disasters • human activities

28. For March 12 – Study Guide work Do pages: 133 & 134 135 & 136 145 & 146

29. 13 March 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer • What happens to the landscape (a forest) after a volcanic eruption or massive, destructive fire? • Which plants come back first? • Why? • If the catastrophic event happens again, will the same plants come back in the same way? • Work in groups of two or three to answer these questions. Define these words Succession – Pioneer species – Climax Community –

30. Succession occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem. • Succession regenerates or creates a community after a disturbance. • a sequence of biotic changes • damaged communities are regenerated • new communities arise in previously uninhabited areas

31. primary succession — started by pioneer species • There are two types of succession.

32. secondary succession — started by remaining species • There are two types of succession.

33. Review of vocab words for today Succession – Pioneer species – Climax Community –

34. 14 March 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Guest speaker Ms. Elliott – University of Central Florida. Topic: Human Impact – Extra Credit opportunity – Go to http://donspence.wikispaces.comto find the questions related to her talk. Then, log into http://turnitin.com and submit your questions by 8 AM on Monday, 17 March. Watch COSMOS – Last week’s full episode. Sunday, 9 PM on FOX http://www.fox.com/watch/183733315515

35. Extra Credit Questions: Log onto http://turnitin.com All answers must be thorough and in proper grammatical form. The answers all together should be at least 600 words. In ways did Ms. Elliott’s presentation tie in with our recentchapter course material? Were there any new words or concepts that that had not been discussed in Dr. Spence’s class? Describe the concept as best as you remember it. Describe three reasons why non-native, invasive species are a problem for society? From an ecological topic aspect, what did you find the most interesting about her talk? If the answer is ‘none’ then explain why ecological studies are of little use.

36. 31 March 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer – Welcome Back – Review mock EOC exam

37. 2 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Human Impact Chapter 16 Renewable resources – Non-renewable resources – Pollution – Smog – Acid Rain – Greenhouse effect – Global warming – Fossil fuels – Indicator species – Biomagnification – Bioaccumulation – Habitat Fragmentation – Sustainability –

38. KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.

39. Earth’s human population continues to grow. • Earth’s human carrying capacity is unknown.

40. Technology has helped to increase Earth’s carrying capacity. • gas-powered farm equipment • medical advancements

41. The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural resources. • Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form. • coal • oil

44. wind • water • sunlight • Renewable resources cannot be used up or can replenish themselves over time. • Growing use of nonrenewable resources may lead to a crisis. • Resources must be properly managed.

45. Effective management of Earth’s resources will help meet the needs of the future. • Earth’s resources must be used responsibly. • Careless use of resources makes them unavailable to future generations. • Easter Island isan example ofirresponsibleresource use.

46. 2,182 miles

48. An ecological footprint is the amount of land needed to support a person. • The land must produce and maintain enough • food and water • shelter • energy • waste

49. amount and efficiency of resource use • amount and toxicity of waste produced • Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.

50. 3 April 2014 Today’s Bell Ringer Human Impact and the Geophysical world around us On a sheet of paper, write a brief explanation stating your understanding of these concepts. - do not use your book 1- Ozone depletion 2- Global warming 3- What things do you use that are dependent on energy? List a few. Which is the most energy demanding?