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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. The South & the Slave Controversy 1793-1860. Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin. The Slave System. Over-cultivation Cash Crop: land-expand-slaves Small Farmers move West/Northwest Snobocracy Buyout Spread slave ideals Capital Investment Cost of a field hand Risk of losing a slave

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 The South & the Slave Controversy 1793-1860

  2. Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin

  3. The Slave System • Over-cultivation • Cash Crop: land-expand-slaves • Small Farmers move West/Northwest • Snobocracy Buyout • Spread slave ideals • Capital Investment • Cost of a field hand • Risk of losing a slave • Lack of Industry • Single-Crop economy • Immigration • North v. South • Competition for jobs • Land too expensive

  4. White Majority • Planter Aristocracy • Own 100+ slaves • Lesser Masters • Own 10 or less • Non-Slave Owning Whites • ¾ Southern population • Location: backcountry • Small-farmers • Protestant • Defenders of slavery • Racial Superiority • Mountain Whites • Disconnected • Republican • Union Victory

  5. p. 353 Chart • More than half own fewerthan four slaves • 2% half 50+ slaves • Majority = no slaves

  6. Free Blacks • North v. South • Ideals about the individual vs. the race • South: like individual – hate race • North: like race – hate individuals • Numbers • 250,000 North & South • Types • South • Revolution Emancipation • Mulattoes • Purchased Freedom • Rights/Risks • South: legal rights, inequality, kidnapped • North: forbade entrance, inequality, education, etc.

  7. Plantation Slavery Growth • Slave Trade Clause: illegal 1808 • NY 1862: N.P. Gordon Trial/Execution • Numbers & Growth • 1860: 4 million • Natural Reproduction • 10+ babies = freedom • Mulattoes • Family Unit • Dangerous Work • Investment ($1,800) • Irish (roofs, swamps, tunnels, etc.) • Deep South Majority • Black Belt: Up to 75% • Auctions • Livestock • Families torn apart • Uncle Tom’s Cabin

  8. Solomon Northup - Kidnapped • 12 Years A Slave

  9. Life Under the Lash • Conditions Vary • Everywhere: work-ignorance-oppression • Dawn to Dusk • No political/civil rights • Romanticized Life • Happy Slave • Black Mammy • Beatings • “Breakers” • Black Belt • Family Life • Small Plantation = separation • Two-Parent households • Generational History/Tradition • African Traditions • Christianization • Hybrid Religion • Oral History/Traditions

  10. Burdens of Bondage • Illiteracy • Kept in ignorance/literacy dangerous • 1860: 90% adult slaves • Resistance without words • Slow, sick, break machines, runaway, etc. • NOT Rebellions – unsuccessful • Stono Rebellion 1793 • Denmarck Vesey Plan 1822 • Nat Turner Revolt 1831 • Result = harsher treatment/legal crackdowns

  11. 12 Years A Slave • Slave Literacy - 12 Years A Slave

  12. Abolitionism • Background • Quakers • American Colonization Society • “Back to Africa” campaign problem • Global Perspective • Britain • Slave Trade Clause • American Anti-Slavery Society – Wendell Phillips • Boycotts • Abolitionist Literature • William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator • Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin • David Walker – Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World • Frederick Douglass – Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave

  13. Harriet Beecher Stowe • Harriet Elisabeth Beecher was born June 14, 1811 in Litchfield, CT to the Rev. Lyman Beecher (1775-1863) and Roxanna Foote Beecher (1775- 1816); the sixth of 11 children. • The Beechers expected their children to shape their world • All seven sons became ministers, then the most effective way to influence society • Oldest daughter Catharine pioneered education for women • Youngest daughter Isabella was a founder of the National Women's Suffrage Association • Harriet believed her purpose in life was to write. Her most famous work exposed the truth about the greatest social injustice of her day - human slavery • "I wrote what I did because as a woman, as a mother, I was oppressed and broken-hearted with the sorrows and injustice I saw, because as a Christian I felt the dishonor to Christianity - because as a lover of my county, I trembled at the coming day of wrath."

  14. South Lashes Back • Harsher Punishment • Stop to Abolition Legislation • 1831-32: VA legislature stops all abolition propositions • William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator • GA: $5,000 reward • Gag Resolution 1836: House of Reps • Tabled = not discussed/brought to vote • 8 years until repealed • Former President John Quincy Adams • Censorship • USPS anti-slavery mail blocked

  15. Abolitionist Impact in the North • Constitutionality • Industrialization Connection/Banking • $300 million owed to northern banks by south • Northern mentality • Back to Africa • Free Soilers: Western territory dispute

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