IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,VOL.48,NO . 11,NOVEMBER 2012 3571

1. Analysis and Study of a Bearingless AC Motor Type Divided Winding,Based on a Conventional Squirrel Cage Induction Motor IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,VOL.48,NO. 11,NOVEMBER 2012 3571 Valci F. Victor , Filipe O. Quintaes , José S. B. Lopes , Luciano dos S. Junior , Alberto S. Lock , and Andrés O. Salazar Instituto Federal do Tocantins-IFTOCampus Palmas 77.015-200 Palmas TO Brazil Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-IFRNCampus Parnamirim 59015-300 Parnamirim RN Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, 59072-970, Natal Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2. This paper shows the analysis and study of a bearingless ac Motor type divided winding for a conventional squirrel cage induction motor, (IM). The conventional IM is used as a bearingless motor for artificial-lift oil proposes, allowing a reduction in maintenance and operation costs. The goal of this paper is improving electromagnetic forces performance, such as the Lorentz and Maxwell forces,allowingrotor positioning at the rotation axis. It was used a simulator based on the finite element method for acquiring load results for a3,75 kW, 380 V, 4-poles, 60 Hz, 1.04 Nm, IM motor. Experimental results show that is possible to use a conventional IM as a bearingless motor, achieving a 80% efficiency. This paper presents simulated and experimental results that demonstrated the operation of the IM bearingless-type split coil built from a conventional induction motor. Index Terms—Electromagnetic (EM) force, induction motor (IM) bearing, position control, squirrel cage rotor.

3. I. INTRODUCTION In some industry sectors,suchas oil extraction industry,thecommon problems of maintenance,reliability,efficiency and longtime life issues in conventional electrical machines are leading to the use of bearinglessmotors.Bearingless motors were projected to solve the reducing volume issue of conventional induction motor (IM) [1].In these motors, rotor positioning and torque generation are realized through magnetic forces provoked by stator current control of the motor [2]–[4].So,in this sense,bearingless motors behave as a conventional IM motors.Statorbearingless motor presents two basic configurations:Afirst one, which consists of two separate stator windings: a torque generation winding and a rotor positioning winding [5].Second one consists of only one single winding for torque generation and rotor positioning as well [6]–[9].

4. The main characteristic of a bearingless ac motor, type divided winding is its similarity to conventional IM.This is mainly due to stator model,whichutilizes the same windings for rotor speed and rotor positioning control.Thus, building machine and control system costs are drastically reduced. Bearinglessmotor is increasingly used in a number of applications.Mainlyin applications where mechanical bears periodical-maintenance lead to a problem,e.g.,forvacuum pumps operating at deep profundities and high temperatures and also,for artificial-lift oil pumps,where a free contamination flowing fluid is need [10].In order to verify rotor magnetic field behavior,it was developed a simulation tool based on finite elements to simulate the proposed motor.Simulated4 poles bearinglessmotor,typedivided winding has the characteristics show in Table I.Thus, present work make the analysis of electromagnetic forces in IM motor, such as Lorentz and Maxwell forces in order to allow rotor positioning at rotational axis [2], [5].

5. TABLE IEQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF THEBEARINGLESS MACHINE ELECTRICAL ªΩ ohm , mmilli , HHenry , mm

6. II. MOTOR MODELING A three phase, four poles, conventional squirrel cage IM, has its stator winding lodged in adjacent slots. The staggered coils are connected in series to form a phase group. Every phase group has two diametric opposite coils, as Fig. 1 shows. Fig. 1(a) shows stator distribution winding, where there is a 120 shifting phase angle between each phase group axis.Fig. 1(b) shows winding current representation for each half a phase group. As it can be observed in Fig. 1(b) a different current (namely) is flowing in each half a phase group. However, as in a three phase system, each phase group current has a 120 shifting phase angle also. Thus,thefirst set of coils is a1-b1-c1 and the second one is a2-b2-c2.Fig. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of a conventional three phase,IMmotor(per phase).Where is stator current and is therotorcurrent refer to stator. Others Motor parameters are listed in Table I. It includes some laboratory measured test parameters as (per phase) equivalent inductances or resistances. For radial forces calculation of bearingless motor, it was considered: a) Iron magnetic permeability is much greater than air permeability b) Ferromagnetic material is operating at linear zone (no saturation effect). c) Rotor position deviation is in axis only.

7. Fig. 1. (a) Schematic distribution of stator coils and (b) circuit diagram.

8. Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of the machine used.

9. Then, rotor position deviation is related to x magnetic force by(1). • (1) • Where the first term of (1) is the average radial force in direction which is function of and ,see Fig. 1(b).The second and third term are functions of x position and differential current respectively.Theyneed to be controlled by pruning the radial position in x direction.In[1] it can find the model for position in both x and y axes due to three phase currents,see(2) and (3). • In these equations,andare differential current in a,b and c inductances respectively, is air gap length,is the phase angle between a phase and x axis;andare external forces on x and y axes respectively.

10. Fig. 3. Behavior of vectors of force on the rotor with differential currents in a group of stator coils.

11. Fig. 4. Radial forces in x and y directions with displacement of the rotor and coils with rated current.

12. (3) • Rotor magnetic field analysis was realized by means of Maxwell tensor method [1]. Fig. 3 shows magnetic forces vector composition for current deviation in each phase group.Magneticfield vectors can control magnetic force vectors.Formervectors are modified in order to achieve center rotor position. Fig. 4 shows instantaneous magnetic forcesand,as a function of differential currents,see (2) and (3). • Finite elements method was used in this simulation. Magnetic • forces were evaluated with a 0,02 mm resolution air gap,fora • 4,06 A current per phase winding group.

13. III. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION • Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of proposed bearinglessmotor control system.Bearinglessmotor receives six command currents for Motor stator coils.Thesecurrents are driven using two parallel insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) inverters,as it is shown in Fig. 6. The six independent current loops are implemented by a digital signal processor (DSP) algorithm. • Current references are given by the combination of torque and • radial force commands [1]. Torque commands are generated by varying the reference angle in a balanced three-phase system,thencreating the effect of a rotating magnetic field. Three phase current references are generated by a look up table. • The radial stabilization is based on two independent controllers acting on orthogonal axes sensing. The radial position • sensors are based on magnetic induction of currents in high frequency and generate a linear response.

14. Fig. 5. Control system used in the bearingless machine.

15. Fig. 6. Power converter to drive the bearingless IM.

16. IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS • Fig. 7 plots radial force versus one phase differential-current. It was obtained for both simulation and experimental results. Comparing both results,itcan observe a 7% difference only when phase current is larger than 5 A.Then,itis possible to verify properly the system functioning in a current range.Experimental results show that motor behavior within the recom-mended operation range,sinceit does not deviate from its theoretical behavior. • Then,proposedmotor conversion allows low electromagneticb power losses and high reliability.Positioningforces are obtained feeding the bearinglessIMwith unbalanced phase currents and the controlling rotor position.Fig. 8 shows and half a phase group currents. It can be observe a 120 phase difference among them, as it is expect to. • Fig. 9 shows rotor sensor position of proposed bearingless • motor system. External circle shows the maximum rotor orbit.

17. Fig. 7. Simulated and measured radial forces in the x-rotor centered.

18. Fig. 8. Controlled stator currents of two phases (0,5 A/Div).

19. Fig. 9. Rotor orbital around the central axis (0,1 mm/div).

20. TABLE IISUMMARY OF MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOTOR • ,,

21. Central point is real time rotor position controlled by proportional derivate (PD) controller, as it is shown in Fig. 5. • Experimental results shows that proposed strategy makes it possible to obtain the rotor positioning at the shaft rotation • axis control, without touching the lateral limits. Thus, it is • eliminating the mechanical friction between rotating and fixed • parts. Table II shows the main characteristics of designed • machine. Nominal power, speed and voltage motor as well as • power losses are also shown in Table II. Accordingly, system • efficiency can be calculated as: • (4) • Thus,itpresents 80% efficiency, similar to a conventional machine.

22. V. CONCLUSION • This paper presented the study and analysis of a induction motor squirrel cage bearingless type showing satisfactory results. Experimental results show that the radial forces are sufficient to control the rotor position on the rotating magnetic field.Actuallythe prototype engine bearingless machine is being accelerated life tests for reliability assessment.

23. ACKNOWLEDGMENT • The authors are grateful to CNPq and CAPES for financial support.

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